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Shloka 21

Vānaprastha-dharma and Tapas: Śiva–Umā Saṃvāda

Forest-Stage Discipline and Austerity

प्रथम: कस्य दातव्यो मध्यम: क्व च गच्छति । उत्तरश्न स्मृत: कस्य एतदिच्छामि वेदितुम्‌

prathamaḥ kasya dātavyo madhyamaḥ kva ca gacchati | uttaraśnaḥ smṛtaḥ kasya etad icchāmi veditum ||

మొదటి పిండం ఎవరికీ ఇవ్వాలి? మధ్య పిండం ఎక్కడికి వెళ్తుంది? ‘చివరగా భుజించేవాడు’ అని ఎవరు భావించబడతారు? ఇది నేను తెలుసుకోవాలనుకుంటున్నాను.

प्रथमःthe first (share/person)
प्रथमः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रथम
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
कस्यof whom / to whom
कस्य:
Sampradana
TypePronoun
Rootकिम्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular
दातव्यःis to be given
दातव्यः:
Karma
TypeVerb
Rootदा
FormGerundive (तव्यत्), Masculine, Nominative, Singular, obligative/passive sense
मध्यमःthe middle (share/person)
मध्यमः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootमध्यम
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
क्वwhere
क्व:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootक्व
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
गच्छतिgoes
गच्छति:
TypeVerb
Rootगम्
FormPresent, Indicative, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
उत्तरःthe last / the later (share/person)
उत्तरः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootउत्तर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अश्नeats
अश्न:
TypeVerb
Rootअश्
FormPresent, Indicative, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada, Vedic/archaic form for अश्नाति
स्मृतःis said/remembered (as)
स्मृतः:
TypeVerb
Rootस्मृ
FormPast passive participle (क्त), Masculine, Nominative, Singular
कस्यof whom / to whom
कस्य:
Sampradana
TypePronoun
Rootकिम्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular
एतत्this
एतत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
इच्छामिI wish/desire
इच्छामि:
TypeVerb
Rootइष्
FormPresent, Indicative, First, Singular, Parasmaipada
वेदितुम्to know
वेदितुम्:
TypeVerb
Rootविद्
FormInfinitive (तुमुन्)

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma

Educational Q&A

The verse frames an ethical inquiry about proper order and entitlement in sharing food—who deserves precedence, how portions are allocated, and the virtue implied in eating last—pointing to dharma in hospitality and household conduct.

Bhīṣma, in an instructive discourse, asks for clarification on traditional norms of serving food: the recipient of the first share, the destination of the middle share, and the identity/ideal of the person who eats last.