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Shloka 42

Adhyāya 119: Vyāsa–Kīṭa-saṃvāda

Tapas-bala and karmic ascent across yoni

खादकस्य कृते जन्तून्‌ यो हन्यात्‌ पुरुषाधम: । महादोषतरस्तत्र घातको न तु खादक:

khādakasya kṛte jantūn yo hanyāt puruṣādhamaḥ | mahādoṣataras tatra ghātako na tu khādakaḥ ||

భీష్ముడు పలికెను—ఇతరుడు తినుటకై జీవులను చంపువాడు మనుష్యులలో అధముడు. ఈ విషయంలో ఘాతకునికి అత్యంత భారమైన దోషం; మాంసభక్షకునికి అంత సమానమైన దోషం కాదు।

खादकस्यof/for the eater (consumer)
खादकस्य:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootखादक
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
कृतेfor the sake of
कृते:
Sampradana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootकृत
Formpostposition with genitive; meaning 'for the sake of'
जन्तून्creatures/animals
जन्तून्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootजन्तु
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
यःwho
यः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
हन्यात्should kill / were to kill
हन्यात्:
TypeVerb
Rootहन्
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
पुरुषाधमःthe lowest of men
पुरुषाधमः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपुरुषाधम
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
महादोषतरःmore greatly sinful / having greater fault
महादोषतरः:
TypeAdjective
Rootमहादोषतर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular, Comparative (-तर)
तत्रthere / in that matter
तत्र:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतत्र
Formadverb
घातकःthe killer/slayer
घातकः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootघातक
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
Formnegation
तुbut
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
Formcontrastive particle
खादकःthe eater (consumer)
खादकः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootखादक
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma

Educational Q&A

The verse assigns heavier moral culpability to the direct agent of violence (the killer) than to the consumer, emphasizing that facilitating harm through killing for others’ appetite is especially blameworthy.

In Anuśāsana Parva’s dharma-instructions, Bhīṣma continues advising on ethical conduct; here he comments on the moral hierarchy of fault in the context of animal slaughter and meat consumption.