Shloka 13

Adhyāya 119: Vyāsa–Kīṭa-saṃvāda

Tapas-bala and karmic ascent across yoni

Devanagari script

ददाति यजते चापि तपस्वी च भवत्यपि । मधुमांसनिवृत्त्येति प्राह चैवं बृहस्पति:

Transliteration

dadāti yajate cāpi tapasvī ca bhavaty api | madhumāṃsa-nivṛttyeti prāha caivaṃ bṛhaspatiḥ ||

Translation

బృహస్పతి ఇలా అన్నారు—మద్యమును, మాంసమును త్యజించినవాడు దానం చేసినవాడిగా, యజ్ఞం చేసినవాడిగా, తపస్సు చేసినవాడిగా గణింపబడతాడు; అనగా దాన-యజ్ఞ-తపస్సుల ఫలాన్ని పొందుతాడు।

Word by Word

• ददाति: gives
• ददाति: Karta
• Type: Verb
• Root: दा (दाने)
• Form: लट् (वर्तमान), प्रथम, एकवचन, परस्मैपद

• यजते: sacrifices / performs a yajña
• यजते: Karta
• Type: Verb
• Root: यज् (देवपूजासंगतिकरणदान)
• Form: लट् (वर्तमान), प्रथम, एकवचन, आत्मनेपद

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• अपि: also / even
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अपि

• तपस्वी: an ascetic; one who practices austerity
• तपस्वी: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: तपस्विन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुं, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• भवति: becomes / is
• Type: Verb
• Root: भू (सत्तायाम्)
• Form: लट् (वर्तमान), प्रथम, एकवचन, परस्मैपद

• अपि: also
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अपि

• मधु-मांस-निवृत्त्या: by abstaining from liquor and meat
• मधु-मांस-निवृत्त्या: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: मधु + मांस + निवृत्ति (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्री, तृतीया, एकवचन

• इति: thus (quotative)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इति

• प्राह: said / declared
• Type: Verb
• Root: प्र-आह (अह्/ब्रू—कथने; परस्मैपद, लिट्)
• Form: लिट् (परोक्श/परफेक्ट), प्रथम, एकवचन, परस्मैपद

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• एवम्: thus / in this manner
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एवम्

• बृहस्पतिः: Bṛhaspati
• बृहस्पतिः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: बृहस्पति (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुं, प्रथमा, एकवचन

Speaker

भीष्म उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Bhishma
• Brihaspati
• madhu (intoxicating drink)
• māṃsa (meat)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

Abstaining from alcohol and meat is praised as a powerful ethical discipline that yields the same religious merit as charity (dāna), sacrifice (yajña), and austerity (tapas).

What is happening in the narrative?

In Bhishma’s instruction on dharma, he cites Brihaspati as an authoritative voice, presenting a concise rule: renunciation of intoxicants and meat is itself a form of high religious practice with great merit.