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Shloka 91

Ahiṃsā as Threefold Restraint (Mind–Speech–Action) and the Ethics of Consumption

श्वा भूत्वा कृतकर्मासौ जायते मानुषस्तत: । तत्रापत्यं समुत्पाद्य मृतो जायति मूषिक:,कुत्ता होनेपर पापकर्मका भोग समाप्त करके वह मनुष्ययोनिमें जन्म लेता है। मनुष्ययोनिमें भी वह एक ही संतान पैदा करके मर जाता है और शेष पापका फल भोगनेके लिये चूहा होता है

śvā bhūtvā kṛtakarmāsau jāyate mānuṣas tataḥ | tatrāpatyaṃ samutpādya mṛto jāyati mūṣikaḥ ||

కుక్కగా ఉండి తన కృతకర్మ ఫలాన్ని అనుభవించి తరువాత మానవ యోనిలో జన్మిస్తాడు. అక్కడ కూడా ఒక్క సంతానం కలిగి మరణించి, మిగిలిన పాపఫలాన్ని అనుభవించుటకు ఎలుకగా జన్మిస్తాడు.

श्वाa dog
श्वा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootश्वन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
भूत्वाhaving become
भूत्वा:
TypeVerb
Rootभू
Formक्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage-neutral here), Prior action (having become)
कृतकर्मone who has done deeds (i.e., committed acts)
कृतकर्म:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootकृतकर्मन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
असौthat (person)
असौ:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअसद्/असौ (pronoun stem)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
जायतेis born
जायते:
TypeVerb
Rootजन्
FormLat (Present), Atmanepada, Third, Singular
मानुषःa human (man)
मानुषः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमानुष
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
ततःthereafter/then
ततः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootततः
तत्रthere (in that state/place)
तत्र:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतत्र
अपत्यम्offspring/child
अपत्यम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअपत्य
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
समुत्पाद्यhaving produced/begotten
समुत्पाद्य:
TypeVerb
Rootसम्-उत्-√पद् (उत्पादयति/उत्पद्यते)
Formल्यप् (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (causative sense), Prior action (having produced)
मृतःdead / having died
मृतः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootमृत
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular, क्त (past passive participle)
जायतिis born
जायति:
TypeVerb
Rootजन्
FormLat (Present), Parasmaipada, Third, Singular
मूषिकःa mouse/rat
मूषिकः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमूषिक
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

युधिछिर उवाच

Y
Yudhiṣṭhira
D
dog (śvā)
H
human (mānuṣa)
O
offspring (apatya)
M
mouse (mūṣika)

Educational Q&A

The verse teaches the doctrine of karmic fruition across rebirths: a being may pass through animal and human births, experiencing and exhausting portions of past sinful results until the remaining residue is also undergone.

Yudhiṣṭhira describes a sequence of transmigrations: after living as a dog and finishing that portion of karmic consequence, the being is reborn human, begets one child, dies, and then takes birth as a mouse to experience the remaining sinful result.