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Shloka 51

Ahiṃsā as Threefold Restraint (Mind–Speech–Action) and the Ethics of Consumption

कुक्कुटः पञ्च वर्षाणि पज्च वर्षाणि जम्बुक: । थ्वा वर्षमेक॑ं भवति ततो जायति मानव:

kukkutaḥ pañca varṣāṇi pañca varṣāṇi jambukaḥ | dvā varṣam ekaṁ bhavati tato jāyati mānavaḥ ||

యుధిష్ఠిరుడు అన్నాడు—కోడి ఐదు సంవత్సరాలు జీవిస్తుంది, నక్క కూడా ఐదు సంవత్సరాలు; కానీ మనుష్యజీవితం అతి క్షణభంగురం—ఏడాది మాత్రమే నిలిచినట్టే ఉండి, తరువాత దాటిపోతుంది.

कुक्कुटःa cock/rooster
कुक्कुटः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकुक्कुट
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
पञ्चfive
पञ्च:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootपञ्च
Form—, Accusative (used adverbially with time), Plural
वर्षाणिyears (for a duration)
वर्षाणि:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootवर्ष
FormNeuter, Accusative (duration of time), Plural
पञ्चfive
पञ्च:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootपञ्च
Form—, Accusative (used adverbially with time), Plural
वर्षाणिyears (for a duration)
वर्षाणि:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootवर्ष
FormNeuter, Accusative (duration of time), Plural
जम्बुकःa jackal
जम्बुकः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootजम्बुक
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
त्वाyou (object)
त्वा:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootत्वद्
Form—, Accusative, Singular
वर्षम्a year (for a duration)
वर्षम्:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootवर्ष
FormNeuter, Accusative (duration of time), Singular
एकम्one
एकम्:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootएक
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
भवतिis/exists; becomes
भवति:
TypeVerb
Rootभू
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
ततःthen; thereafter
ततः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootततः
जायतिis born; arises
जायति:
TypeVerb
Rootजन्
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Atmanepada
मानवःa human (man)
मानवः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमानव
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

युधिछिर उवाच

Y
Yudhiṣṭhira
K
kukkuta (rooster)
J
jambuka (jackal)
M
mānava (human being)

Educational Q&A

Human life is precarious and can be shorter than that of animals; therefore one should act with dharmic urgency—cultivating virtue, restraint, and meaningful duties without procrastination.

Yudhiṣṭhira reflects aloud on comparative lifespans (rooster, jackal, human) to emphasize the uncertainty of human longevity, setting a moral tone that supports instruction on right conduct and the wise use of time.