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Shloka 2

Ahiṃsā as Threefold Restraint (Mind–Speech–Action) and the Ethics of Consumption

केन वृत्तेन राजेन्द्र वर्तमाना नरा भुवि | प्राप्तुवन्त्युत्तमं स्वर्ग कथं च नरक॑ नूप,राजेन्द्र! पृथ्वीपर रहनेवाले मनुष्य किस बर्तावसे उत्तम स्वर्गलोक पाते हैं? और नरेश्वर! कैसा बर्ताव करनेसे वे नरकमें पड़ते हैं?

yudhiṣṭhira uvāca | kena vṛttena rājendra vartamānā narā bhuvi | prāpnuvanty uttamaṃ svargaṃ kathaṃ ca narakaṃ nṛpa ||

యుధిష్ఠిరుడు అన్నాడు— ఓ రాజేంద్రా! భూమిపై నివసించే మనుష్యులు ఏ విధమైన ఆచరణతో పరమ స్వర్గాన్ని పొందుతారు? మరియు ఓ నృపా! ఏ ఆచరణవల్ల వారు నరకంలో పడతారు?

केनby what (means/behavior)
केन:
Karana
TypePronoun
Rootकिम्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Singular
वृत्तेनby conduct/behavior
वृत्तेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootवृत्त
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
राजेन्द्रO king of kings
राजेन्द्र:
TypeNoun
Rootराजेन्द्र
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
वर्तमानाconducting themselves / behaving
वर्तमाना:
TypeVerb
Rootवर्त्
Formशतृ (present active participle), Masculine, Nominative, Plural
नराःmen/people
नराः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootनर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
भुविon earth
भुवि:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootभू
FormFeminine, Locative, Singular
प्राप्तुवन्तिattain/obtain
प्राप्तुवन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootप्र-आप्
FormPresent (Lat), 3rd, Plural, Parasmaipada
उत्तमम्highest/excellent
उत्तमम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootउत्तम
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
स्वर्गम्heaven
स्वर्गम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootस्वर्ग
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
कथम्how
कथम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootकथम्
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
नरकम्hell
नरकम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootनरक
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular

युधिछिर उवाच

Y
Yudhiṣṭhira
R
rājendra (addressed king)
S
svarga
N
naraka
B
bhū (earth)

Educational Q&A

The verse frames a dharma-inquiry: human destiny after death (svarga or naraka) is presented as dependent on one’s vṛtta—one’s habitual conduct and ethical way of living—rather than on status alone.

In Anuśāsana Parva, Yudhiṣṭhira, intent on understanding dharma in practical terms, asks the addressed kingly authority (commonly Bhīṣma in this parva’s instruction-setting) what kinds of behavior lead people to the highest heaven and what behavior leads them to hell.