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Shloka 113

Ahiṃsā as Threefold Restraint (Mind–Speech–Action) and the Ethics of Consumption

एकस्तरति दुर्गाणि गच्छत्येकस्तु दुर्गतिम्‌ । बृहस्पतिजीने कहा--राजन्‌! प्राणी अकेला ही जन्म लेता

yudhiṣṭhira uvāca |

ekas tarati durgāṇi gacchaty ekas tu durgatim |

yaḥ nīcaḥ puruṣo dhana-lobhena vā śatrutā-kāraṇād vā śastraṃ gṛhītvā nihataṃ (aśastraṃ) puruṣaṃ hanti sa mṛtyor anantaram gardabha-yoniṃ prāpnoti ||

kharo jīvati varṣe dve tataḥ śastreṇa vadhyate |

sa mṛto mṛga-yoniṃ tu nityodvignaḥ punar jāyate ||

మనిషి ఒంటరిగా దుర్గమ మార్గాలను దాటుతాడు; ఒంటరిగా దుర్గతిలో పడతాడు. జీవి ఒంటరిగా పుడతాడు, ఒంటరిగా మరణిస్తాడు; ఒంటరిగా దుఃఖాన్ని దాటుతాడు, ఒంటరిగా అపదను అనుభవిస్తాడు. అందువల్ల ధనలోభంతో గానీ శత్రుత్వంతో గానీ ఆయుధం ఎత్తి నిరస్త్రుడిని చంపే నీచుడు—మరణానంతరం గాడిద యోనిలో జన్మిస్తాడు. గాడిదగా రెండు సంవత్సరాలు జీవించి, తరువాత ఆయుధంతో హతమవుతాడు; అలా మరణించి జింక యోనిలో పుడతాడు, వేటగాళ్ల భయంతో నిత్యం కలవరపడుతూ ఉంటాడు.

एकःalone; one (person)
एकः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootएक
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तरतिcrosses
तरति:
TypeVerb
Rootतॄ
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
दुर्गाणिdifficulties; hard passages
दुर्गाणि:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootदुर्ग
FormNeuter, Accusative, Plural
गच्छतिgoes; reaches
गच्छति:
TypeVerb
Rootगम्
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
एकःalone; one (person)
एकः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootएक
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तुbut; however
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
दुर्गतिम्bad state; misfortune; evil destiny
दुर्गतिम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootदुर्गति
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
खरःa donkey
खरः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootखर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
जीवतिlives
जीवति:
TypeVerb
Rootजीव्
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
वर्षेfor two years (lit. in two years)
वर्षे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootवर्ष
FormNeuter, Locative, Dual
द्वेtwo
द्वे:
TypeAdjective
Rootद्वि
FormNeuter, Nominative, Dual
ततःthen; thereafter
ततः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootततः
शस्त्रेणby a weapon
शस्त्रेण:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootशस्त्र
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
वध्यतेis killed
वध्यते:
TypeVerb
Rootवध्
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Atmanepada, Passive
सःhe; that one
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
मृतःdead; having died
मृतः:
TypeAdjective
Rootमृत
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular, क्त (past passive participle)
मृगयोनौin the womb/species of a deer (animal)
मृगयोनौ:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootमृगयोनि
FormFeminine, Locative, Singular
तुindeed; but
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
नित्यalways
नित्य:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootनित्य
उद्विग्नःagitated; frightened
उद्विग्नः:
TypeAdjective
Rootउद्विग्न
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular, क्त (past passive participle)
अभिजायतेis born; comes into existence
अभिजायते:
TypeVerb
Rootअभि+जन्
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Atmanepada

युधिछिर उवाच

Y
Yudhiṣṭhira
B
Bṛhaspati (as cited in the prose gloss)
Ś
śastra (weapon)
G
gardabha/khara (donkey)
M
mṛga (deer/wild animal)
M
mṛgayu/hunters (implied by fear of violence)

Educational Q&A

Moral responsibility is personal and inescapable: one faces the fruits of one’s actions alone. Specifically, violence driven by greed or enmity—especially killing an unarmed person—leads to degrading rebirths and a life marked by fear and suffering.

In Anuśāsana Parva’s ethical instruction, Yudhiṣṭhira articulates (with a traditional attribution to Bṛhaspati in the accompanying gloss) a karmic warning: the killer of an unarmed man is reborn first as a donkey, then after being slain, as a deer-like creature, living constantly terrified of hunters.