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Shloka 19

उपवासविधि-प्रश्नः

Inquiry into the Discipline of Fasting

आचार्यशास्ता या जाति: सा सत्या साजरामरा | भारत! पिता और माता केवल शरीरकी सृष्टि करते हैं, किंतु आचार्यके उपदेशसे जो ज्ञानरूप नवीन जीवन प्राप्त होता है, वह सत्य, अजर और अमर है ।।

ācāryaśāstā yā jātiḥ sā satyā sājarāmarā | bhārata! pitā ca mātā ca kevalaṁ śarīrasṛṣṭiṁ kurutaḥ, kintu ācāryopadeśena yo jñānarūpaḥ navīnaḥ jīvanaḥ prāpyate sa satyaḥ ajaraḥ amaraś ca || jyeṣṭhā mātusamā cāpi bhaginī bharatarṣabha ||

ఓ భారతా! ఆచార్యుని ఉపదేశం ద్వారా కలిగే జన్మయే నిజమైనది—అజరమూ అమరమూ. తండ్రి తల్లి కేవలం శరీరాన్ని సృష్టిస్తారు; కాని గురువు బోధనవల్ల జ్ఞానరూపమైన నూతన జీవితం లభిస్తుంది—అది సత్యం, క్షయాతీతం, మృత్యువాతీతం. ఓ భరతశ్రేష్ఠా! పెద్ద అక్కను కూడా తల్లితో సమానంగా భావించాలి.

आचार्यःteacher, preceptor
आचार्यः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootआचार्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
शास्ताinstructor, one who teaches/rules
शास्ता:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootशास्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
याwhich, who
या:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
जातिःbirth; kind; (here) generation/origin
जातिः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootजाति
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
साthat
सा:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
सत्याtrue, real
सत्या:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसत्य
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
साthat
सा:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
अजरामराunaging and deathless
अजरामरा:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअजर + अमर
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
भारतO Bharata
भारत:
TypeNoun
Rootभारत
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
ज्येष्ठाelder
ज्येष्ठा:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootज्येष्ठ
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
मातुःof the mother
मातुः:
TypeNoun
Rootमातृ
FormFeminine, Genitive, Singular
समाequal to, like
समा:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसम
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अपिalso, even
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
भगिनीsister
भगिनी:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootभगिनी
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
भरतर्षभO bull among the Bharatas
भरतर्षभ:
TypeNoun
Rootभरत + ऋषभ
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
B
Bharata (Yudhishthira as addressee)
F
father
M
mother
Ā
ācārya (teacher/preceptor)
E
elder sister

Educational Q&A

Bhishma teaches that parents generate the physical body, but the teacher (ācārya) grants a higher ‘birth’ through instruction—awakening a life of knowledge that is called true, unaging, and deathless. He also reinforces family ethics by stating that an elder sister deserves the same reverence as one’s mother.

In the Anushasana Parva, Bhishma is instructing Yudhishthira on dharma—especially duties of respect and proper conduct. Here he contrasts bodily birth with spiritual-intellectual rebirth through a guru’s teaching, and then adds a rule of reverence within the household: treat the elder sister as mother.