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Shloka 32

आचारप्रशंसा

Praise of Ācāra as the Basis of Longevity, Fame, and Prosperity

वाक्सायका वदनान्निष्पतन्ति यैराहत: शोचति रात्र्यहानि । परस्य वा मर्मसु ये पतन्ति तान्‌ पण्डितो नावसूजेत्‌ परेषु,वचनरूपी बाण मुँहसे निकलते हैं, जिनसे आहत होकर मनुष्य रात-दिन शोकमें पड़ा रहता है। अतः जो दूसरोंके मर्मस्थानोंपर चोट करते हैं, ऐसे वचन विद्वान्‌ पुरुष दूसरोंके प्रति कभी न कहे

vāksāyakā vadanān niṣpatanti yair āhataḥ śocati rātryahāni | parasya vā marmasu ye patanti tān paṇḍito nāvasūjet pareṣu ||

భీష్ముడు పలికెను— వాక్యమనే బాణాలు నోటి నుండి బయలుదేరుతాయి; వాటితో గాయపడిన మనిషి రాత్రింబవళ్ళు శోకిస్తాడు. ఇతరుల మర్మస్థానాలను చీల్చే మాటలను జ్ఞాని ఎప్పుడూ ఇతరులపై ప్రయోగించడు.

वाक्speech, word
वाक्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootवाच्
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
सायकाarrows
सायका:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसायका
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
वदनात्from the mouth
वदनात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootवदन
FormNeuter, Ablative, Singular
निष्पतन्तिfly out, shoot forth
निष्पतन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootनिष्+पत्
FormPresent, Indicative, Third, Plural, Parasmaipada
यैःby which
यैः:
Karana
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Plural
आहतःstruck, wounded
आहतः:
TypeAdjective
Rootआ+हन् (क्त)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
शोचतिgrieves
शोचति:
TypeVerb
Rootशुच्
FormPresent, Indicative, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
रात्रि-अहानिnights and days
रात्रि-अहानि:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootरात्रि + अहन्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Plural
परस्यof another
परस्य:
TypeAdjective
Rootपर
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular
वाor
वा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा
मर्मसुin the vital spots, sensitive points
मर्मसु:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootमर्मन्
FormNeuter, Locative, Plural
येwho, which
ये:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
पतन्तिfall, strike, land
पतन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootपत्
FormPresent, Indicative, Third, Plural, Parasmaipada
तान्those (words)
तान्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
पण्डितःa wise man
पण्डितः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपण्डित
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अवसूजेत्should not utter/let loose
अवसूजेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootअव+सृज्
FormAorist (injunctive/precative usage), Optative (vidhi/niyama sense), Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
परेषुtowards others, among others
परेषु:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootपर
FormMasculine, Locative, Plural

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
V
vāk (speech/words)
S
sāyaka (arrow)
M
marman (vital/sensitive points)

Educational Q&A

Speech can wound as deeply as weapons; therefore one should restrain oneself from uttering words that strike another’s vulnerable points and cause lasting sorrow.

In Anuśāsana Parva, Bhīṣma instructs on dharma and proper conduct; here he warns that verbal cruelty inflicts enduring pain, so the wise avoid such speech toward others.