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Shloka 3

Tapas-śreṣṭhatā: Anāśana as the Highest Austerity

Bhagīratha–Brahmā Saṃvāda

भीष्म उवाच तप: प्रचक्षते यावत्‌ तावल्लोको युधिष्छिर । मतं ममात्र कौन्तेय तपो नानशनात्‌ परम्‌,भीष्मजीने कहा--युधिष्ठिर! मनुष्य जितना तप करता है, उसीके अनुसार उसे उत्तम लोक प्राप्त होते हैं; किन्तु कुंतीकुमार! मेरी रायमें अनशनसे बढ़कर दूसरा कोई तप नहीं है

Bhīṣma uvāca: tapaḥ pracakṣate yāvat tāvāl loko Yudhiṣṭhira; mataṃ mamātra Kaunteya, tapo nānāśanāt param.

భీష్ముడు అన్నాడు— యుధిష్ఠిరా! మనిషి ఎంత తపస్సు చేస్తాడో, అంత మేరకు అతనికి ఉన్నత లోకాలు లభిస్తాయి. కానీ కౌంతేయా! నా అభిప్రాయంలో ఉపవాసం (అనశనం) కంటే గొప్ప తపస్సు లేదు।

भीष्मःBhishma
भीष्मः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootभीष्म
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
तपःausterity, penance
तपः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootतपस्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
प्रचक्षतेthey declare, they call
प्रचक्षते:
TypeVerb
Rootप्र-चक्ष्
FormPresent, Third, Plural, Atmanepada
यावत्as much as, to the extent that
यावत्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयावत्
तावत्so much, to that extent
तावत्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतावत्
लोकःworld (state/realm)
लोकः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootलोक
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
युधिष्ठिरO Yudhishthira
युधिष्ठिर:
TypeNoun
Rootयुधिष्ठिर
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
मतम्opinion, view
मतम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमत
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
ममof me, my
मम:
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
FormGenitive, Singular
अत्रhere, in this matter
अत्र:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअत्र
कौन्तेयO son of Kunti
कौन्तेय:
TypeNoun
Rootकौन्तेय
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
तपःausterity
तपः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootतपस्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अनशनात्from fasting; than fasting
अनशनात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootअनशन
FormNeuter, Ablative, Singular
परम्higher, superior
परम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootपर
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
Y
Yudhishthira (Kaunteya)

Educational Q&A

Bhishma teaches that spiritual merit and the attainment of higher realms correspond to one’s austerity, and he elevates fasting (anāśana) as the supreme form of tapas—highlighting restraint over bodily appetite as a powerful ethical-spiritual discipline.

In Anushasana Parva, Bhishma instructs Yudhishthira on dharma and disciplines that generate merit. Here he addresses Yudhishthira directly, stating a general principle about tapas and then giving his specific judgment that fasting surpasses other austerities.