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Shloka 40

Śama-prāptiḥ — Gautamī–Lubdhaka–Pannaga–Mṛtyu–Kāla-saṃvāda

Restraint through the Analysis of Karma and Time

सर्प उवाच सर्व एते हास्ववशा दण्डचक्रादयो यथा । तथाहमपि तस्मान्मे नैष दोषो मतस्तव

sarpa uvāca sarva ete hāsvavaśā daṇḍacakrādayo yathā | tathāham api tasmān me naiṣa doṣo mataḥ tava ||

సర్పుడు అన్నాడు—వ్యాధా! మట్టి పాత్రను తయారు చేయడంలో దండం, చక్రం మొదలైన సాధనాలు అన్నీ ఇతరుల నియంత్రణలో ఉంటాయి; అలాగే నేనూ మృత్యువశుడనే. కాబట్టి నాపై నీవు మోపుతున్న దోషం నా దృష్టిలో సముచితం కాదు.

सर्पःthe serpent
सर्पः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसर्प
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid/spoke
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect, 3, Singular
सर्वेall
सर्वे:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसर्व
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
एतेthese
एते:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
हिindeed/for
हि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि
अस्ववशाःnot independent, dependent
अस्ववशाः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअस्ववश
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
दण्डचक्रादयःthe stick, wheel, etc. (implements)
दण्डचक्रादयः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदण्डचक्रादि
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
यथाjust as
यथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथा
तथाso/in the same way
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
अहम्I
अहम्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
FormNominative, Singular
अपिalso/even
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
तस्मात्therefore/from that reason
तस्मात्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतस्मात् (तद्)
मेof me/my
मे:
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
FormGenitive, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
एषःthis
एषः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
दोषःfault/blame
दोषः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदोष
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
मतःconsidered/thought (to be)
मतः:
TypeAdjective
Rootमत (√मन्)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तवof you/your
तव:
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
FormGenitive, Singular

सर्प उवाच

S
Sarpa (serpent)
V
Vyādha (hunter) (implied by address)
M
Mṛtyu (Death) (explicit in the prose gloss; implicit in ‘under control’)

Educational Q&A

The verse argues about moral responsibility: beings often act under forces beyond their independent control (here, ‘Death’/inevitability), so blame should be assigned carefully, distinguishing intention and autonomy from compulsion and circumstance.

In a dialogue with a hunter, the serpent defends itself against accusation, using the analogy of potter’s tools that function only under an operator’s control, claiming it too is constrained by a higher power (Death) and thus should not be condemned as solely culpable.