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Shloka 1

Āpava

Vasiṣṭha) and the Vasus: the Kāmadhenu Theft and the Curse (Śaṃtanu–Gaṅgā Saṃvāda

अत-#-#क+ द्विनवतितमो<ध्याय: अष्टक-ययाति-संवाद और ययातिद्वारा दूसरोंके दिये हुए पुण्यदानको अस्वीकार करना जटद्टक उवाच कतरस्त्वनयो: पूर्व देवानामेति सात्मताम्‌ | उभयोर्धावतो राजन्‌ सूर्याचन्द्रमसोरिव,अष्टकने पूछा--राजन्‌! सूर्य और चन्द्रमाकी तरह अपने-अपने लक्ष्यकी ओर दौड़ते हुए वानप्रस्थ और संन्यासी इन दोनोंमेंसे पहले कौन-सा देवताओंके आत्मभाव (ब्रह्म)-को प्राप्त होता है?

Jaḍaṣṭaka uvāca |

kataraḥ tv anayoḥ pūrvaṁ devānām eti sātmatām |

ubhayor dhāvato rājan sūryācandramasor iva ||

జడాష్టకుడు అడిగాడు—ఓ రాజా! ఈ ఇద్దరిలో ముందుగా దేవత్వపు ఆత్మస్థితి (బ్రహ్మభావం) ఎవరు పొందుతారు—వానప్రస్థుడా, సన్న్యాసియా? ఎందుకంటే ఇద్దరూ సూర్యచంద్రులవలె తమ తమ లక్ష్యాల వైపు దూసుకుపోతున్నారు।

जटद्टकःJatadṭaka (proper name)
जटद्टकः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootजटद्टक
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
कतरःwhich (of the two), which one
कतरः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootकतर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
त्वम्you
त्वम्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
FormNominative, Singular
अनयोःof these two
अनयोः:
TypePronoun
Rootइदम् (अन)
FormGenitive, Dual
पूर्वःearlier, first
पूर्वः:
TypeAdjective
Rootपूर्व
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
देवानाम्of the gods
देवानाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootदेव
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
एतिgoes, reaches, attains
एति:
TypeVerb
Root
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
सात्मताम्identity/oneness in essence (with them); state of being of the same nature
सात्मताम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसात्मता
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
उभयोःof both
उभयोः:
TypePronoun
Rootउभ
FormGenitive, Dual
धावतॊःof (the two) running/hastening
धावतॊः:
TypeVerb
Rootधाव्
FormPresent active participle (शतृ), Masculine/Neuter, Genitive, Dual
राजन्O king
राजन्:
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
सूर्यof the Sun
सूर्य:
TypeNoun
Rootसूर्य
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
चन्द्रमसोःof the Moon
चन्द्रमसोः:
TypeNoun
Rootचन्द्रमस्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
इवlike, as
इव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइव

जटद्टक उवाच

J
Jaḍa Aṣṭaka
K
King (rājan)
V
Vānaprastha (forest-dweller)
S
Saṁnyāsin (renunciant)
S
Sūrya (Sun)
C
Candra (Moon)
D
Devas (gods)

Educational Q&A

The verse frames a dharmic inquiry about spiritual priority: between disciplined withdrawal in the forest (vānaprastha) and full renunciation (saṁnyāsa), which more quickly leads to the ‘divine state’—understood as realization of the Self/Brahman. It highlights that both paths are goal-directed and legitimate, differing in intensity and method.

Jaḍa Aṣṭaka addresses a king and poses a comparative question about two life-stages/paths. Using the simile of the sun and moon moving toward their destinations, he emphasizes the earnest striving of both the forest-dweller and the renunciant, and asks which attains the divine condition first.