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Shloka 13

Yayāti’s Request for Youth: Sons’ Refusals and Pūru’s Acceptance (ययातेः यौवन-विनिमयः)

न हातो दुष्करतरं मन्ये लोकेष्वपि त्रिषु । (नि:संशयो विशेषेण परुषं मर्मकृन्तनम्‌ । सुहन्मित्रजनास्तेषु सौहदं न च कुर्वते ।।) य: सपत्नश्रियं दीप्तां हीनश्री: पर्युपासते । मरणं शोभनं तस्य इति विद्वधज्जना विदु:,इससे बढ़कर महान्‌ दुःखकी बात मैं अपने लिये तीनों लोकोंमें और कुछ नहीं मानती हूँ। इसमें संदेह नहीं कि कटुवचन मर्मस्थलोंको विदीर्ण करनेवाला होता है। कटुवादी मनुष्योंसे उनके सगे-सम्बन्धी और मित्र भी प्रेम नहीं करते हैं। जो श्रीहीन होकर शत्रुओंकी चमकती हुई लक्ष्मीकी उपासना करता है, उस मनुष्यका तो मर जाना ही अच्छा है; ऐसा विद्वान्‌ पुरुष अनुभव करते हैं

śukra uvāca | na hāto duṣkarataraṃ manye lokeṣv api triṣu | niḥsaṃśayo viśeṣeṇa paruṣaṃ marmakṛntanam | suhanmitrajanās teṣu sauhṛdaṃ na ca kurvate || yaḥ sapatnaśriyaṃ dīptāṃ hīnaśrīḥ paryupāsate | maraṇaṃ śobhanaṃ tasya iti vidvadjanā viduḥ ||

శుక్రుడు పలికెను—మూడు లోకాలలోనూ దీనికన్నా కఠినమైన దుఃఖం నాకు మరొకటి లేదని నేను భావిస్తున్నాను. సందేహమే లేదు—కఠినవాక్యం ప్రత్యేకంగా క్రూరమైనది; అది మర్మస్థానాలను చీల్చివేస్తుంది. కటువుగా మాట్లాడువారిని వారి బంధువులు, మిత్రులు కూడా ప్రేమించరు. మరియు తాను శ్రీహీనుడై ఉండి ప్రత్యర్థుల దగ్ధమై మెరుస్తున్న సంపదను సేవించువాడికి—మరణమే శ్రేయస్కరం అని పండితులు భావిస్తారు.

not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
हातःloss/defeat (lit. being struck)
हातः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootहात
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
दुष्करतरम्more difficult/harder
दुष्करतरम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootदुष्करतर
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
मन्येI think/consider
मन्ये:
TypeVerb
Rootमन् (मन्यते)
FormPresent, First, Singular, Atmanepada
लोकेषुin the worlds
लोकेषु:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootलोक
FormMasculine, Locative, Plural
अपिeven/also
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
त्रिषुin the three
त्रिषु:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootत्रि
FormMasculine, Locative, Plural
नि:संशयःwithout doubt
नि:संशयः:
TypeAdjective
Rootनि:संशय
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
विशेषेणespecially/in particular
विशेषेण:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootविशेष
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
परुषम्harsh (speech/thing)
परुषम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootपरुष
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
मर्मकृन्तनम्cutting the vital spots (heart-piercing)
मर्मकृन्तनम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootमर्मकृन्तन
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
सुहृत्friends
सुहृत्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसुहृत्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
मित्रजनाःpeople who are friends
मित्रजनाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमित्रजन
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
तेषुin/among them
तेषु:
Adhikarana
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Locative, Plural
सौहृदम्friendship/affection
सौहृदम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसौहृद
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
कुर्वन्तिthey do/make
कुर्वन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootकृ (करोति)
FormPresent, Third, Plural, Parasmaipada
यःwho
यः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
सपत्नश्रियम्the prosperity of a rival/enemy
सपत्नश्रियम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसपत्नश्री
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
दीप्ताम्shining/blazing
दीप्ताम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootदीप्त
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
हीनश्रीःone whose fortune is diminished
हीनश्रीः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootहीनश्री
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
पर्युपासतेserves/worships attends upon
पर्युपासते:
TypeVerb
Rootपरि-उप-आस् (आस्ते)
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Atmanepada
मरणम्death
मरणम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमरण
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
शोभनम्good/commendable
शोभनम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootशोभन
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
तस्यof him
तस्य:
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
इतिthus
इति:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति
विद्वत्-जनाःlearned people
विद्वत्-जनाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootविद्वत्जन
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
विदुःthey know
विदुः:
TypeVerb
Rootविद् (वेत्ति)
FormPerfect, Third, Plural, Parasmaipada

शुक्र उवाच

Ś
Śukra
T
three worlds (trailokya)
R
rivals/enemies (sapatna)
K
kin and friends (mitra-jana, suhṛt)

Educational Q&A

Harsh, cutting speech destroys relationships and wounds more deeply than many external hardships; likewise, living in humiliating dependence on a rival’s prosperity is portrayed as a loss of dignity so severe that the wise deem death preferable to such abasement.

Śukra is delivering a moral reflection: he laments the unbearable pain caused by bitter words, notes that harsh speakers lose even the affection of their own circle, and condemns the degraded state of a person who, lacking fortune, must attend upon an enemy’s flourishing prosperity.