HomeMahabharataAdi ParvaAdhyaya 3Shloka 157
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Shloka 157

Ādi-parva Adhyāya 3 — Janamejaya’s Rite, Dhaumya’s Parīkṣā, and Uttanka’s Kuṇḍala Quest (सर्पसत्रप्रस्तावना–गुरुपरीक्षा–उत्तङ्कोपाख्यान)

स तथेत्युक्त्वा तमश्वमधिरुह्य प्रत्याजगामोपाध्यायकुलमुपाध्यायानी च स्नाता केशानावापयन्त्युपविष्टोत्तड़को नागच्छतीति शापायास्य मनो दथे,“बहुत अच्छा” कहकर उत्तंक उस घोड़ेपर चढ़े और तुरंत उपाध्यायके घर आ पहुँचे। इधर गुरुपत्नी स्नान करके बैठी हुई अपने केश सँवार रही थीं। “उत्तंक अबतक नहीं आया'--यह सोचकर उन्होंने शिष्यको शाप देनेका विचार कर लिया

sa tathety uktvā tam aśvam adhiruhya pratyājagāmopādhyāyakulam; upādhyāyānī ca snātā keśān āvāpayanty upaviṣṭottanko nāgacchatīti śāpāyāsya mano dadhe.

“అలాగే” అని చెప్పి ఉత్తంకుడు ఆ గుర్రంపై ఎక్కి క్షణంలోనే గురువుగారి ఇంటికి చేరాడు. ఇక్కడ గురుపత్ని స్నానం చేసి కూర్చుని తన జుట్టును సర్దుకుంటోంది. “ఉత్తంకుడు ఇంకా రాలేదు” అని అనుకొని ఆమె మనసులో శిష్యుణ్ని శపించాలనే ఆలోచన కలిగింది.

सःhe
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तथाso; thus
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
इतिthus (quotative)
इति:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति
उक्त्वाhaving said
उक्त्वा:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
Formक्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage-neutral)
तम्that (him/it)
तम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
अश्वम्horse
अश्वम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअश्व
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
अधिरुह्यhaving mounted
अधिरुह्य:
TypeVerb
Rootअधि-रुह्
Formल्यप् (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage-neutral)
प्रत्याजगामreturned; came back
प्रत्याजगाम:
TypeVerb
Rootप्रति-आ-गम्
FormPerfect (Liṭ), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
उपाध्याय-कुलम्the teacher's household
उपाध्याय-कुलम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootउपाध्यायकुल
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
उपाध्यायानीthe teacher's wife
उपाध्यायानी:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootउपाध्यायानी
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
स्नाताbathed; having bathed
स्नाता:
TypeVerb
Rootस्ना
Formक्त (past passive participle used adjectivally), Feminine, Nominative, Singular
केशान्hair (locks)
केशान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootकेश
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
अवापयन्तीarranging/setting (her hair); grooming
अवापयन्ती:
TypeVerb
Rootअव-आपय् (causative of अव-आप्/आप्)
Formशतृ (present active participle), Feminine, Nominative, Singular, Parasmaipada
उपविष्टाseated
उपविष्टा:
TypeVerb
Rootउप-विश्
Formक्त (past passive participle used adjectivally), Feminine, Nominative, Singular
उत्तङ्कःUttaṅka
उत्तङ्कः:
Karta
TypeProperNoun
Rootउत्तङ्क
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
आगच्छतिcomes
आगच्छति:
TypeVerb
Rootआ-गम्
FormPresent (Laṭ), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
इतिthus (thinking/quoting)
इति:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति
शापायfor a curse; to curse
शापाय:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootशाप
FormMasculine, Dative, Singular
अस्यof him; his
अस्य:
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular
मनःmind; intention
मनः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमनस्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
दधेplaced; resolved; conceived
दधे:
TypeVerb
Rootधा
FormPerfect (Liṭ), 3rd, Singular, Ātmanepada

राम उवाच

U
Uttanka (उत्तंक)
H
Horse (अश्व)
U
Upadhyaya (उपाध्याय) — teacher (implied by household)
U
Upadhyayani (उपाध्यायानी) — teacher’s wife
U
Upadhyaya-kula (उपाध्यायकुल) — teacher’s household

Educational Q&A

The verse underscores how dharma in a teacher’s household depends on timely fulfillment of duty and, equally, on restraint: impatience and anger—especially when backed by spiritual authority—can lead to disproportionate harm through a curse.

Uttanka agrees, mounts a horse, and quickly returns to his teacher’s home. The teacher’s wife, after bathing and grooming, notices his continued absence and, believing he has delayed, forms the intention to curse him.