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Shloka 18

Īśvara-gītā (Adhyāya 2) — Ātma-svarūpa, Māyā, and the Unity of Sāṅkhya–Yoga

पश्यन्ति ऋषयो ऽव्यक्तं नित्यं सदसदात्मकम् / प्रधानं प्रकृतिं बुद्ध्वा कारणं ब्रह्मवादिनः

paśyanti ṛṣayo 'vyaktaṃ nityaṃ sadasadātmakam / pradhānaṃ prakṛtiṃ buddhvā kāraṇaṃ brahmavādinaḥ

ఋషులు నిత్యమైన, సత్-అసత్ స్వభావమయమైన అవ్యక్తాన్ని దర్శిస్తారు. దానిని ప్రధానం, ప్రకృతి అని గ్రహించి బ్రహ్మవాదులు కారణమని ప్రకటిస్తారు।

paśyantithey see
paśyanti:
Kriyā (Verb/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√paś (धातु)
FormLaṭ-lakāra (Present/वर्तमान), Parasmaipada (परस्मैपद), Prathama-puruṣa (3rd person/प्रथमपुरुष), Bahuvacana (plural/बहुवचन)
ṛṣayaḥsages
ṛṣayaḥ:
Kartā (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootṛṣi (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga (masculine/पुंलिङ्ग), Prathamā-vibhakti (nominative/प्रथमा), Bahuvacana (plural/बहुवचन)
avyaktamthe unmanifest
avyaktam:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Roota-vyakta (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNapुंसकलिङ्ग (neuter/नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Dvitīyā-vibhakti (accusative/द्वितीया), Ekavacana (singular/एकवचन)
nityameternal
nityam:
Viśeṣaṇa (Qualifier/विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootnitya (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNapुंसकलिङ्ग (neuter/नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Dvitīyā-vibhakti (accusative/द्वितीया), Ekavacana (singular/एकवचन); viśeṣaṇa (adjective/विशेषण) of 'avyaktam'
sat-asat-ātmakamhaving the nature of being and non-being
sat-asat-ātmakam:
Viśeṣaṇa (Qualifier/विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootsat (प्रातिपदिक) + asat (प्रातिपदिक) + ātmaka (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNapुंसकलिङ्ग (neuter/नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Dvitīyā-vibhakti (accusative/द्वितीया), Ekavacana (singular/एकवचन); ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa sense: 'sat-asat' as qualifier of 'ātmakam'; viśeṣaṇa of 'avyaktam'
pradhānamthe Pradhāna (primordial matter)
pradhānam:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootpradhāna (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNapुंसकलिङ्ग (neuter/नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Dvitīyā-vibhakti (accusative/द्वितीया), Ekavacana (singular/एकवचन); apposition to 'avyaktam'
prakṛtimPrakṛti (nature)
prakṛtim:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootprakṛti (प्रातिपदिक)
FormStrīliṅga (feminine/स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Dvitīyā-vibhakti (accusative/द्वितीया), Ekavacana (singular/एकवचन); apposition to 'avyaktam/pradhānam'
buddhvāhaving understood
buddhvā:
Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (Adverbial participle/क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeVerb
Root√budh (धातु)
FormKtvā-pratyaya (absolutive/क्त्वान्त), pūrvakāla-kriyā (prior action)
kāraṇamthe cause
kāraṇam:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootkāraṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNapुंसकलिङ्ग (neuter/नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Dvitīyā-vibhakti (accusative/द्वितीया), Ekavacana (singular/एकवचन); predicate/apposition with 'avyaktam' as 'cause'
brahmavādinaḥthe expounders of Brahman
brahmavādinaḥ:
Kartā (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootbrahman (प्रातिपदिक) + vādin (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga (masculine/पुंलिङ्ग), Prathamā-vibhakti (nominative/प्रथमा), Bahuvacana (plural/बहुवचन); upapada-tatpuruṣa: 'brahma' + 'vādin' = 'speakers of Brahman'

Narratorial/teachings context within the Purāṇic discourse (sages’ doctrinal statement); traditionally transmitted by Vyāsa/Sūta framework in Purāṇas

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: adbhuta

R
Rishis
A
Avyakta
P
Pradhana
P
Prakriti
B
Brahman

FAQs

It distinguishes the eternal “Unmanifest” causal principle (Pradhāna/Prakṛti) seen by sages; in a Vedāntic reading, this is not the Atman itself but the causal ground of manifestation, while Atman/Brahman is the knower beyond manifest–unmanifest distinctions.

No specific technique is prescribed; the emphasis is on jñāna—discernment of the unmanifest causal level (avyakta, pradhāna) through contemplative insight, which supports the later Kurma Purana path of disciplined Yoga and devotion integrated with metaphysical clarity.

Indirectly: by grounding creation in an eternal causal principle discussed by Brahman-knowers, the text sets a shared metaphysical basis that later supports Kurma Purana’s Shaiva–Vaishnava synthesis—one supreme reality taught through different divine theologies.