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Shloka 1

Determining Rites for Difficult/Inauspicious Deaths; Annual and Daily Śrāddha Rules

Devanagari script

दुर्मरणे कार्याकार्यक्रियादिनिरूपणं नाम चतुश्चत्वारिंशो ऽध्यायः श्रीविष्णुरुवाच / प्रत्यब्दं श्राद्धमेवं ते कथयामि खगेश्वर / प्रत्यब्दं पार्वणेनैव कुर्यातां क्षेत्रजोरसौ

Transliteration

durmaraṇe kāryākāryakriyādinirūpaṇaṃ nāma catuścatvāriṃśo 'dhyāyaḥ śrīviṣṇuruvāca / pratyabdaṃ śrāddhamevaṃ te kathayāmi khageśvara / pratyabdaṃ pārvaṇenaiva kuryātāṃ kṣetrajorasau

Translation

దుర్మరణంలో చేయవలసినవి-చేయకూడనివి అనే క్రియల నిర్ణయం అనే నలభై ఐదవ అధ్యాయం. శ్రీ విష్ణువు పలికెను—ఓ ఖగేశ్వరా! నీకు వార్షిక శ్రాద్ధాన్ని వివరిస్తాను. ప్రతి సంవత్సరం క్షేత్రజ్ఞుడు మరియు రససంబద్ధ దేహి—ఈ ఇద్దరికీ పార్వణ విధానంతోనే శ్రాద్ధం చేయించాలి।

Word by Word
दुर्मरणेin/with regard to bad (untimely) death
दुर्मरणे:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootदुर्मरण (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी-विभक्ति, एकवचन; विषय/अधिकरण (locative)
कार्याकार्यक्रियादिनिरूपणम्the exposition of what should/should not be done, rites, etc.
कार्याकार्यक्रियादिनिरूपणम्:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootकार्य-अकार्य-क्रिया-आदि-निरूपण (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; शीर्षपद ‘निरूपणम्’ (exposition) with dvandva inside (कार्य+अकार्य) and tatpurusha links
नामnamed
नाम:
Vākyārtha-marker (वाक्यार्थ-सूचक)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootनाम (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; नामार्थक/इति-अर्थे (called/namely)
चतुःचत्वारिंशःforty-fourth
चतुःचत्वारिंशः:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootचतुःचत्वारिंशत् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; ordinal sense ‘forty-fourth’ qualifying ‘अध्यायः’
अध्यायःchapter
अध्यायः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootअध्याय (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन
श्रीविष्णुःŚrī Viṣṇu
श्रीविष्णुः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootश्री-विष्णु (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; honorific ‘श्री’ as qualifier
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootवच् (धातु)
Formलिट् (perfect), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपद
प्रत्यब्दम्every year
प्रत्यब्दम्:
Kāla (काल)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootप्रति-अब्द (प्रातिपदिक)
Formअव्ययीभाव-समास; अव्यय (accusative used adverbially) = ‘every year’
श्राद्धम्śrāddha rite
श्राद्धम्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootश्राद्ध (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन
एवम्thus
एवम्:
Prakāra (प्रकार)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएवम् (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; प्रकार (thus)
तेto you
ते:
Sampradāna (सम्प्रदान)
TypeNoun
Rootयुष्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formषष्ठी-विभक्ति, एकवचन; pronoun (to you/your)
कथयामिI tell
कथयामि:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootकथय् (धातु)
Formलट् (present), उत्तमपुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपद
खगेश्वरO lord of birds (Garuḍa)
खगेश्वर:
Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
TypeNoun
Rootखग-ईश्वर (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, संबोधन-प्रथमा (vocative), एकवचन
प्रत्यब्दम्every year
प्रत्यब्दम्:
Kāla (काल)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootप्रति-अब्द (प्रातिपदिक)
Formअव्ययीभाव-समास; अव्यय = ‘every year’
पार्वणेनby the pārvaṇa (type of śrāddha)
पार्वणेन:
Karana (करण)
TypeNoun
Rootपार्वण (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; करण
एवonly/indeed
एव:
Avadhāraṇa (अवधारण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; अवधारण (only/indeed)
कुर्याताम्the two should perform
कुर्याताम्:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootकृ (धातु)
Formविधिलिङ् (optative), प्रथमपुरुष, द्विवचन; आत्मनेपद
क्षेत्रजौthe two sons born of the field (kṣetraja)
क्षेत्रजौ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootक्षेत्रज (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, द्विवचन
रसौthe two (named) Rasas / the pair ‘Rasa’
रसौ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootरस (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, द्विवचन; here used as a paired designation with ‘क्षेत्रजौ’ (two persons)
Speaker

Lord Vishnu

Shraddha Ritual

Ritual Type: Parvana

Beneficiary: Pitr

Timing: Pratyabda (annual) śrāddha; chapter introduces rules especially for durmaraṇa contexts

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Even in cases of durmaraṇa (inauspicious/difficult death), annual śrāddha is to be regulated; pārvana method is prescribed as the standard yearly observance.

Vedantic Theme: Īśvara as śāstra-pravartaka: divine instruction orders human duty; dharma sustains cosmic and familial continuity.

Application: Observe annual śrāddha consistently; when death circumstances are complex, follow the chapter’s determinations and the pārvana framework under qualified guidance.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: bhayanaka

Geographic Context

Type: scriptural discourse space

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana Book 2, ch.45 (Durmaraṇa-kāryākārya): subsequent verses detailing exceptions, prohibitions, and prescriptions; Garuda Purana Pretakalpa: annual śrāddha (pratyabda) and pārvana/ekoddiṣṭa distinctions in ritual chapters

Characters & Entities
V
Vishnu
G
Garuda

FAQs

This verse introduces the rule that śrāddha is to be performed every year, establishing it as a recurring duty that sustains ancestral rites and dharmic continuity after death-related observances.

By framing the chapter around difficult/inauspicious death and then prescribing annual śrāddha, it links post-death welfare and the subtle journey with prescribed rites, implying that ritual support continues beyond immediate funeral ceremonies.

Maintain a consistent yearly śrāddha/ancestor-offering practice (as per one’s tradition and guidance of qualified priests), treating it as an ongoing dharmic responsibility rather than a one-time ritual.

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