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Shloka 112

Dharma–Adharma Marks; Daśāha, Piṇḍa Formation, Śrāddha Calendar, Śayyā-dāna, and Sapiṇḍīkaraṇa Rules

Devanagari script

साम्प्रतं साग्निके कार्यं द्वादशाहे सपिण्डनम् / न चासौ कुरुते यावत् प्रेत एव स वह्निमान् / द्वादशाहे ततः कार्यं साग्निकेन सपिण्डनम्

Transliteration

sāmprataṃ sāgnike kāryaṃ dvādaśāhe sapiṇḍanam / na cāsau kurute yāvat preta eva sa vahnimān / dvādaśāhe tataḥ kāryaṃ sāgnikena sapiṇḍanam

Translation

ఇప్పుడు, సాగ్నికుడు (పవిత్ర అగ్ని నిర్వహించువాడు) అయితే ద్వాదశాహంలో (పన్నెండవ రోజున) సపిండనం చేయవలెను. అది చేయబడే వరకు ఆ అగ్నిధారి ప్రేతస్థితిలోనే ఉంటాడు. అందుచేత ద్వాదశాహంలో సాగ్నికునిచే సపిండనం తప్పక చేయబడవలెను.

Word by Word
साम्प्रतम्now/at present
साम्प्रतम्:
क्रियाविशेषण (Adverbial)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसाम्प्रतम् (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; time-adverb (कालवाचक)
स-अग्निकेfor one who maintains the fire (sāgnika)
स-अग्निके:
अधिकरण (Adhikaraṇa/Context)
TypeAdjective
Rootस (उपसर्ग/सह) + अग्निक (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी-विभक्ति, एकवचन; locative singular; 'in the case of one with sacred fire'
कार्यम्should be done
कार्यम्:
विधेय (Predicate)
TypeAdjective
Rootकृ (धातु) + यत् (कृत्-प्रत्यय)
Formभाव्य/विधेय कृदन्त (gerundive/यत्), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा एकवचन; predicate
द्वादशाहेon the twelfth day
द्वादशाहे:
अधिकरण (Adhikaraṇa/Time)
TypeNoun
Rootद्वादशाह (प्रातिपदिक)
Formद्विगु-समास (द्वादश + अहन्); पुं/नपुंसक, सप्तमी-विभक्ति, एकवचन; locative singular
सपिण्डनम्sapiṇḍana (making into one piṇḍa)
सपिण्डनम्:
कर्ता/विधेय (Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootसपिण्डन (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; nominative singular
नnot
न:
निषेध (Negation)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; negation
चand
च:
समुच्चय (Conjunctive)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; conjunction
असौhe/that person
असौ:
कर्ता (Karta/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootअसद्/अदस् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formसर्वनाम, पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; nominative singular
कुरुतेdoes/performs
कुरुते:
क्रिया (Verb)
TypeVerb
Rootकृ (धातु)
Formलट्-लकार (present), प्रथम-पुरुष, एकवचन; आत्मनेपद
यावत्as long as/until
यावत्:
अवधि (Limit)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयावत् (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; limit particle 'as long as/until' (अवधि)
प्रेतःa preta
प्रेतः:
कर्ता (Karta; predicate nominal)
TypeNoun
Rootप्रेत (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; nominative singular
एवindeed
एव:
निश्चय (Emphasis)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; emphasis
सःhe
सः:
कर्ता (Karta/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formसर्वनाम, पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; nominative singular
वह्निमान्one who has (the) fire
वह्निमान्:
विशेषण (Qualifier of सः)
TypeAdjective
Rootवह्निमत् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; nominative singular; possessive adjective (मतुप्)
द्वादशाहेon the twelfth day
द्वादशाहे:
अधिकरण (Adhikaraṇa/Time)
TypeNoun
Rootद्वादशाह (प्रातिपदिक)
Formद्विगु-समास; सप्तमी-विभक्ति, एकवचन; locative singular
ततःthen/thereafter
ततः:
क्रियाविशेषण (Adverbial)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootततः (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; adverb 'then/thereafter'
कार्यम्should be done
कार्यम्:
विधेय (Predicate)
TypeAdjective
Rootकृ (धातु) + यत् (कृत्-प्रत्यय)
Formभाव्य/विधेय कृदन्त (gerundive/यत्), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा एकवचन
स-अग्निकेनby the sāgnika (householder with fire)
स-अग्निकेन:
कर्ता/करण (Agent/Instrument)
TypeNoun
Rootस (उपसर्ग/सह) + अग्निक (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; instrumental singular; 'by/for the sāgnika (person)'
सपिण्डनम्sapiṇḍana rite
सपिण्डनम्:
कर्म/विधेय (Thing enjoined)
TypeNoun
Rootसपिण्डन (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; nominative singular
Speaker

Lord Vishnu (in dialogue with Garuda/Vinata-putra)

Pretakalpa Layer

Afterlife Stage: Pretayoni

Shraddha Ritual

Ritual Type: Sapindana

Beneficiary: Pitr

Timing: Dvādāśāha (12th day) for a sāgnika

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Adhikāra-based timing: for a sāgnika, sapiṇḍana on the 12th day is mandatory; omission prolongs preta-status despite ritual fire association.

Vedantic Theme: Ritual identity (agni) does not override post-death liminality; dharma operates through precise injunctions (vidhi) and timely completion.

Application: If the deceased (or the household tradition) is sāgnika, prioritize arranging the 12th-day sapiṇḍana without delay; coordinate priest, materials, and family presence accordingly.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: bhayanaka

Secondary Rasa: shanta

Geographic Context

Type: domestic-ritual setting tied to agni-maintenance

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana 2.34 (special rules for sāgnika vs. others; twelfth-day rites; preta-status conditions)

Characters & Entities
P
Pretas
P
Pitris

FAQs

This verse states that sapīṇḍana is the key rite that ends the preta-condition and joins the departed to the ancestral (pitṛ) continuum; for a sāgnika it is specifically prescribed on the twelfth day.

It presents a transitional phase: the deceased remains a preta until the prescribed ritual act (sapīṇḍana) is completed, indicating that post-death rites are viewed as completing the soul’s social-ritual passage into the pitṛ realm.

If following traditional śrāddha practice, ensure the timing and completion of key post-funeral rites (especially the twelfth-day observance for a sāgnika) with competent guidance, emphasizing duty (dharma) toward ancestors and family continuity.

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