Shloka 53

Svapnādhāya (Dream-Chapter): Causes, Forms, Nourishment, and Liberation of Pretas

ब्राह्मण उवाच / कथयन्तु महाप्रेता आहारं च पृथक्पृथक् / इत्युक्तां ब्राह्मणेनेममूचुः प्रेताः पृथकपृथक्

brāhmaṇa uvāca / kathayantu mahāpretā āhāraṃ ca pṛthakpṛthak / ityuktāṃ brāhmaṇenemamūcuḥ pretāḥ pṛthakapṛthak

బ్రాహ్మణుడు పలికెను—“హే మహాప్రేతులారా, మీ మీ ఆహారాన్ని ఒక్కొక్కరు విడివిడిగా చెప్పండి.” బ్రాహ్మణుని మాట విని ప్రేతులు క్రమంగా ఒక్కొక్కరుగా వేరువేరుగా పలికిరి.

ब्राह्मणःthe Brahmin
ब्राह्मणः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootब्राह्मण (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (1st/Nominative), एकवचन
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootवच् (धातु)
Formलिट्-लकार (Perfect), प्रथम-पुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन; परस्मैपद
कथयन्तुlet (them) tell
कथयन्तु:
Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootकथय् (धातु)
Formलोट्-लकार (Imperative), प्रथम-पुरुष (3rd person), बहुवचन; परस्मैपद
महाप्रेताःgreat pretas (departed spirits)
महाप्रेताः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootमहाप्रेत (प्रातिपदिक: महा + प्रेत)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (1st/Nominative), बहुवचन
आहारम्food
आहारम्:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootआहार (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन
and
:
Sambandha (Connector/सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चय-अव्यय (conjunction)
पृथक्separately
पृथक्:
Kriya-visheshana (Adverbial/क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपृथक् (अव्यय)
Formक्रियाविशेषण-अव्यय (adverb)
पृथक्each separately
पृथक्:
Kriya-visheshana (Adverbial/क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपृथक् (अव्यय)
Formक्रियाविशेषण-अव्यय (adverb); पुनरुक्ति (reduplication for emphasis)
इतिthus
इति:
Sambandha (Connector/सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति (अव्यय)
Formउद्धरण-समाप्ति-अव्यय (quotative particle)
उक्तान्addressed/said to (them)
उक्तान्:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeAdjective
Rootवच् (धातु) + क्त (कृदन्त प्रत्यय)
Formभूतकर्मणि कृदन्त (past passive participle), पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (2nd/Accusative), बहुवचन; ‘प्रेतान्’ इति विशेषण
ब्राह्मणेनby the Brahmin
ब्राह्मणेन:
Karana (Instrument/करण)
TypeNoun
Rootब्राह्मण (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति (3rd/Instrumental), एकवचन
इमम्this (request/statement)
इमम्:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootइदम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन
ऊचुःsaid
ऊचुः:
Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootवच् (धातु)
Formलिट्-लकार (Perfect), प्रथम-पुरुष (3rd person), बहुवचन; परस्मैपद
प्रेताःthe pretas
प्रेताः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootप्रेत (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (1st/Nominative), बहुवचन
पृथक्separately
पृथक्:
Kriya-visheshana (Adverbial/क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपृथक् (अव्यय)
Formक्रियाविशेषण-अव्यय (adverb)
पृथक्each separately
पृथक्:
Kriya-visheshana (Adverbial/क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपृथक् (अव्यय)
Formक्रियाविशेषण-अव्यय (adverb); पुनरुक्ति (reduplication for emphasis)

Brāhmaṇa (narrative speaker within the Preta dialogue)

Afterlife Stage: Pretayoni

Concept: Consequences of post-death condition are knowable through śāstra-guided inquiry; the preta-state has specific deprivations tied to prior conduct and ritual neglect.

Vedantic Theme: Karma-phala and saṃskāra shaping the subtle journey (preta-bhāva) until proper rites and merit mature.

Application: Treat death-rites and household purity as serious; seek instruction from learned authorities and act before consequences manifest.

Primary Rasa: bhayanaka

Secondary Rasa: karuna

Related Themes: Garuda Purana Pretakalpa: dialogues of Garuḍa–Viṣṇu and Brahmin–preta frames; sections describing preta-bhojana and aśauca households; Garuda Purana: śrāddha/pinda-dāna passages that relieve preta-hunger

B
Brāhmaṇa
P
Pretas

FAQs

This verse sets up a structured account of how pretas receive (or lack) nourishment, supporting the text’s broader teaching on why post-death rites like śrāddha and piṇḍa-dāna are performed.

It frames the preta-condition as an experiential stage where the departed speaks about sustenance; the narrative proceeds by individual testimonies, highlighting varied post-death conditions tied to conduct and rites.

Perform ancestral rites with care (as per one’s tradition), cultivate charity and dharma, and treat death-related duties as acts of responsibility toward the departed and the living.