Shloka 23

Jñāna-hetu-nirūpaṇa

On the Causes/Means of Knowledge

Devanagari script

यदा विजानाति हरे मुरारे अप्राप्तलब्धेति तदोच्यते हरः / ममापि लोकं च यदा मुरारे तदा विजानाति तव स्वरूपम्

Transliteration

yadā vijānāti hare murāre aprāptalabdheti tadocyate haraḥ / mamāpi lokaṃ ca yadā murāre tadā vijānāti tava svarūpam

Translation

హే హరి, హే మురారే—ఎవరైనా నిన్ను ‘అప్రాప్తమైనదాన్ని ప్రసాదించేవాడిగా, పొందినదాన్ని కూడా అనుగ్రహించేవాడిగా’ తెలుసుకున్నప్పుడు అతడే ‘హర’ అని చెప్పబడతాడు. హే మురారే, నా లోకాన్ని కూడా తెలిసినప్పుడు నీ స్వరూపాన్ని నిజంగా గ్రహిస్తాడు.

Word by Word

• यदा: when
• यदा: कालाधिकरण
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: यदा (अव्यय)
• Form: कालवाचक-अव्यय (when)

• विजानाति: understands/knows clearly
• विजानाति: क्रिया
• Type: Verb
• Root: वि-ज्ञा (धातु)
• Form: लट् (Present), परस्मैपद; प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन

• हरे: O Hari
• हरे: सम्बोधन (Address)
• Type: Noun
• Root: हरि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; सम्बोधन (Vocative), एकवचन

• मुरारे: O Murāri (enemy of Mura)
• मुरारे: सम्बोधन
• Type: Noun
• Root: मुरा-अरि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; सम्बोधन, एकवचन; तत्पुरुष-समास (मुरायाः अरिः)

• अप्राप्तलब्धा: ‘unattained and attained’ (as a designation)
• अप्राप्तलब्धा: कर्मधार्य-नाम (predicate label)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अ-प्राप्त-लब्ध (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग; प्रथमा, एकवचन; द्वन्द्व-समास (अप्राप्ता च लब्धा च) — इति-शब्देन उक्तिः

• इति: thus
• इति: वाक्य-समाप्ति/उद्धरण
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इति (अव्यय)
• Form: उद्धरण/इत्यर्थ-अव्यय (quotative particle)

• तदा: then
• तदा: कालाधिकरण
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तदा (अव्यय)
• Form: कालवाचक-अव्यय (then)

• उच्यते: is called/said
• उच्यते: क्रिया
• Type: Verb
• Root: वच् (धातु)
• Form: लट् (Present), आत्मनेपद; प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; कर्मणि प्रयोग (passive)

• हरः: Hara (Śiva)
• हरः: कर्ता (of passive: subject of ‘is called’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: हर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा, एकवचन

• मम: my/of me
• मम: सम्बन्ध
• Type: Noun
• Root: अस्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: षष्ठी, एकवचन; सर्वनाम

• अपि: also
• अपि: समुच्चय
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अपि (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय-अव्यय (also)

• लोकम्: world/realm
• लोकम्: कर्म
• Type: Noun
• Root: लोक (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; द्वितीया, एकवचन

• च: and
• च: समुच्चय
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय-अव्यय

• यदा: when
• यदा: कालाधिकरण
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: यदा (अव्यय)
• Form: कालवाचक-अव्यय (when)

• मुरारे: O Murāri
• मुरारे: सम्बोधन
• Type: Noun
• Root: मुरा-अरि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; सम्बोधन, एकवचन

• तदा: then
• तदा: कालाधिकरण
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तदा (अव्यय)
• Form: कालवाचक-अव्यय (then)

• विजानाति: knows clearly
• विजानाति: क्रिया
• Type: Verb
• Root: वि-ज्ञा (धातु)
• Form: लट्, परस्मैपद; प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन

• तव: your/of you
• तव: सम्बन्ध
• Type: Noun
• Root: त्वद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: षष्ठी, एकवचन; सर्वनाम

• स्वरूपम्: true nature/form
• स्वरूपम्: कर्म
• Type: Noun
• Root: स्व-रूप (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग; द्वितीया, एकवचन; कर्मधारय-समास (स्वं रूपम्)

Speaker

Lord Vishnu (Hari/Murari), in dialogue context with Garuda (Vinata-putra)

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Grace as the revealer and bestower: Hari grants what was unattained and stabilizes what is gained; deeper comprehension of divine reality arises through recognizing the Lord’s dispensation and the structure of realms under Him.

Vedantic Theme: Ishvara as sarva-karana and sarva-niyanta; knowledge of tattva is inseparable from prasada (anugraha) and from understanding the order (loka-vyavastha) governed by the Supreme.

Application: Cultivate gratitude and surrender (sharanagati): interpret gains and unexpected attainments as occasions for remembrance; study cosmological/ontological teachings as supports for devotion rather than mere information.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: adbhuta

Secondary Rasa: shanta

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana (general): Vishnu-stuti passages emphasizing prasada as the cause of jnana and moksha; Garuda Purana (general): cosmology/loka descriptions used as ladders to tattva-jijnasa

Characters & Entities

• Hari
• Murari
• Hara

FAQs

What is the importance of the name 'Hara' in this Garuda Purana verse?

Here, 'Hara' is explained as the One recognized as removing lack and granting attainment—pointing to the divine power that takes away deficiency and bestows fulfillment.

How does this verse explain the path of the soul?

It emphasizes jñāna-bhakti: realizing the Lord’s role as remover and giver, and understanding the divine order of realms (loka), as a way to comprehend the Lord’s true nature—knowledge that supports liberation-oriented living.

Practical application of this wisdom today?

Cultivate devotion with discernment: see life’s gains and losses as governed by a higher moral-spiritual order, and practice dharmic conduct and remembrance of the Divine as the remover of inner deficiency (ignorance, fear, attachment).