Shloka 25

Ruci and the Pitṛs: On Marriage, Debts (Ṛṇa), and Desireless Karma

रुचिरुवाच / वृद्धो ऽहं साम्प्रतं को मे पितरः सम्प्रिदास्यति / भार्यान्तथा दरिद्रस्य दुष्करो दारसंग्रहः

ruciruvāca / vṛddho 'haṃ sāmprataṃ ko me pitaraḥ sampridāsyati / bhāryāntathā daridrasya duṣkaro dārasaṃgrahaḥ

రుచిరుడు అన్నాడు—నేను ఇప్పుడు వృద్ధుడను; నా పితృదేవతలను ఎవరు తృప్తిపరచి ఆధారం ఇస్తారు? అలాగే దరిద్రునికి భార్యను స్వీకరించి పోషించడం నిజంగా దుష్కరం।

रुचिरःRucira
रुचिरः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootरुचिर (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st case), एकवचन; वक्ता (proper name)
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootवच् (धातु)
Formलिट् (Perfect), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन; परस्मैपद; अर्थः—अवदत् (said)
वृद्धःold
वृद्धः:
Karta (Subject-complement/कर्ता-विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootवृद्ध (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st case), एकवचन; ‘अहम्’ विशेषणम्
अहम्I
अहम्:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootअस्मद् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formप्रथमा (1st case), एकवचन
साम्प्रतम्now
साम्प्रतम्:
Adhikarana (Temporal/अधिकरण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसाम्प्रत (अव्यय)
Formकालवाचक अव्यय (now/at present)
कःwho
कः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootकिम् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st case), एकवचन; प्रश्नवाचक सर्वनाम
मेmy/of me
मे:
Sambandha (Genitive/सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Rootअस्मद् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formषष्ठी (6th case), एकवचन; एन्क्लिटिक रूप (my/of me)
पितॄन्the ancestors/fathers
पितॄन्:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootपितृ (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd case), बहुवचन; (पितरः इत्यत्र पाठभेदः; अर्थतः कर्म)
सम्प्रिदास्यतिwill duly offer/give
सम्प्रिदास्यति:
Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootसम् + प्र + दा (धातु)
Formलृट् (Simple Future), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन; परस्मैपद; अर्थः—सम्यक् प्रदास्यति (will duly give/offer)
भार्याम्a wife
भार्याम्:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootभार्या (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd case), एकवचन
तथाlikewise/also
तथा:
Sambandha (Connector/सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चय/तुल्यतासूचक अव्यय (and likewise/also)
दरिद्रस्यof a poor man
दरिद्रस्य:
Sambandha (Genitive/सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Rootदरिद्र (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th case), एकवचन; सम्बन्ध (of a poor man)
दुष्करःdifficult
दुष्करः:
Karta (Subject-complement/कर्ता-विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootदुष्कर (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st case), एकवचन; ‘दारसंग्रहः’ विशेषणम्
दारसंग्रहःmarriage (taking a wife)
दारसंग्रहः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootदार + संग्रह (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st case), एकवचन; समासः—दाराणां संग्रहः (marriage/accepting a wife)

Rucira

Concept: Material limitation and old age create fear about sustaining household life; the verse frames the tension between dharmic injunction and practical capacity.

Vedantic Theme: Recognition of anitya (impermanence) and dependence; prompts reflection on dharma supported by right means and community.

Application: Plan life-stage duties with foresight—economic responsibility, community support, and ethical provisioning; seek guidance for dharmic living within one’s means.

Primary Rasa: karuna

Secondary Rasa: shanta

Type: dialogue setting

Related Themes: Garuda Purana narratives where household duties intersect with pitṛ-obligations and personal limitations (general thematic parallel)

FAQs

This verse highlights that marriage is not merely a social act but a responsibility—supporting dependents and sustaining a household requires capacity and duty-consciousness.

Indirectly, it frames human life as shaped by dharma and practical duties; such choices and responsibilities form the ethical ground that later connects to karmic outcomes described elsewhere in the Purana.

Take on major life commitments—marriage, dependents, and caregiving—with realistic planning and a sense of duty, ensuring you can provide stability rather than hardship.