Shloka 19

Śālagrāma–Sudarśana-Vyūha Nirūpaṇa, Tīrtha-Saṅgraha, Samvatsara-Nāma, and Mantra-Rakṣā

Devanagari script

पञ्चपञ्चान्यत्र भानि चैत्राद्य उदयस्तथा / द्वादशाहैर्द्वयोर्मासनाम्नोराद्यक्षरं तथा

Transliteration

pañcapañcānyatra bhāni caitrādya udayastathā / dvādaśāhairdvayormāsanāmnorādyakṣaraṃ tathā

Translation

ఇతరత్ర నక్షత్రాలు ఐదు ఐదు గుంపులుగా ఏర్పాటవుతాయి; అలాగే ఉదయం (ఆరంభం) చైత్రం మొదలైన వాటి నుండి. ఇంకా పన్నెండు దినముల ద్వారా రెండు మాసనామాల ఆద్యక్షరం నిర్ణయించబడుతుంది.

Word by Word

• पञ्चपञ्चानि: five and five (groups of five)
• पञ्चपञ्चानि: Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: पञ्च (प्रातिपदिक) + पञ्च (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: द्विगु-समास (संख्यावाचक); नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया-विभक्ति (1st/2nd), बहुवचन (Plural); विशेषणम्

• अत्र: here
• अत्र: Adhikarana (Location/अधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अत्र (अव्यय)
• Form: देशवाचक-अव्यय (adverb of place)

• भानि: luminaries/constellations (bhāni)
• भानि: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: भान (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया-विभक्ति (1st/2nd), बहुवचन (Plural)

• चैत्राद्यः: (the series) beginning with Caitra
• चैत्राद्यः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: चैत्र (प्रातिपदिक) + आदि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुष (आदि-सम्बन्धः: 'beginning with Caitra'); पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (1st/Nominative), एकवचन (Singular)

• उदयः: rising/appearance
• उदयः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: उदय (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (1st/Nominative), एकवचन (Singular)

• तथा: thus/likewise
• तथा: Kriya-visheshana (Adverbial/क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तथा (अव्यय)
• Form: प्रकारवाचक-अव्यय (adverb: 'thus/likewise')

• द्वादशाहैः: by (means of) twelve-day periods
• द्वादशाहैः: Karana (Instrument/करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: द्वादश (प्रातिपदिक) + अहन्/अह (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: द्विगु-समास ('twelve days'); पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति (3rd/Instrumental), बहुवचन (Plural)

• द्वयोः: of two
• द्वयोः: Sambandha (Genitive/षष्ठी)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: द्वि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुं/नपुंसक, षष्ठी-विभक्ति (6th/Genitive), द्विवचन (Dual); विशेषणम्

• मासनाम्नोः: of the two month-names
• मासनाम्नोः: Sambandha (Genitive/षष्ठी)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मास (प्रातिपदिक) + नामन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुष (षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष: 'of month-names'); नपुंसकलिङ्ग, षष्ठी-विभक्ति (6th/Genitive), द्विवचन (Dual)

• आद्य: first/initial
• आद्य: Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: आदि/आद्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया-विभक्ति (1st/2nd), एकवचन (Singular); विशेषणम्

• अक्षरम्: syllable/letter
• अक्षरम्: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अक्षर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया-विभक्ति (1st/2nd), एकवचन (Singular)

• तथा: thus/also
• तथा: Kriya-visheshana (Adverbial/क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तथा (अव्यय)
• Form: प्रकारवाचक-अव्यय (adverb)

Speaker

Śrī Viṣṇu (in dialogue with Garuḍa/Vinatā-putra)

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Correct reckoning of time through standardized groupings and month-name rules.

Vedantic Theme: Kāla as a functional manifestation within māyā—orderly, knowable, and to be respected in action (pravṛtti).

Application: Apply the ‘five-by-five’ nakshatra grouping and Caitra-based starting convention; use the twelve-day rule to determine initial syllables for paired month-names in the given system.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: adbhuta

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana 1.66.18–22 (continuity of jyotiṣa/kalā rules)

FAQs

What is the importance of starting from Caitra in the Garuda Purana?

This verse indicates a calendrical convention: the cycle of months and related computations for observances are taken as commencing from Caitra.

How does this verse relate to ritual timing and dharma practices?

By referencing nakṣatra groupings and month-name determination, it supports technical rules used to fix dates for vows, rites, and other dharmic observances.

Practical application of this wisdom today?

Use traditional lunar-calendar principles (months beginning from Caitra and nakṣatra-based reckoning) when aligning fasts, śrāddha, or vrata dates with orthodox pañcāṅga practice.