Shloka 3

Nāma-mahātmya: Liberation through Salutation, Chanting, and the Mantra “Namo Nārāyaṇāya”

Devanagari script

यो ऽन्तस्तिष्ठन्नशेषस्य पश्यतीशः शुभाशुभम् / तं सर्वसाक्षिणं विष्णुं नमस्ये परमेश्वरम्

Transliteration

yo 'ntastiṣṭhannaśeṣasya paśyatīśaḥ śubhāśubham / taṃ sarvasākṣiṇaṃ viṣṇuṃ namasye parameśvaram

Translation

సర్వజీవుల అంతరంలో నివసించి, అందరిలోని శుభాశుభాలను నిరవధికంగా దర్శించే ఆ సర్వసాక్షి అంతర్యామి పరమేశ్వరుడు శ్రీవిష్ణువుకు నేను నమస్కరిస్తున్నాను।

Word by Word

• यः: who
• यः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; सम्बन्धबोधक-सर्वनाम

• अन्तः: within
• अन्तः: Adhikarana (Locative sense/अधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अन्तस् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: अव्यय; क्रियाविशेषण (adverb) ‘within/inside’

• तिष्ठन्: standing, abiding
• तिष्ठन्: Karta (Agent/कर्ता)
• Type: Verb
• Root: स्था (धातु) → तिष्ठत् (वर्तमान-कृदन्त)
• Form: वर्तमानकाले कृदन्तः (शतृ/Present active participle), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• अशेषस्य: of the entire (all)
• अशेषस्य: Sambandha (Genitive/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अशेष (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुं/नपुंसकलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th/Genitive), एकवचन

• पश्यति: sees
• पश्यति: Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: दृश् (धातु)
• Form: लट् (Present), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन, परस्मैपद

• ईशः: the Lord
• ईशः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ईश (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• शुभ: auspicious
• शुभ: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: शुभ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन; विशेषण

• अशुभम्: inauspicious
• अशुभम्: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अशुभ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; विशेषण

• तम्: him
• तम्: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; सर्वनाम

• सर्वसाक्षिणम्: the witness of all
• सर्वसाक्षिणम्: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सर्व (प्रातिपदिक) + साक्षिन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष (सर्वस्य साक्षी)

• विष्णुम्: Vishnu
• विष्णुम्: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: विष्णु (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• नमस्ये: I bow to
• नमस्ये: Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: नम् (धातु)
• Form: लट् (Present), उत्तमपुरुष (1st person), एकवचन, आत्मनेपद

• परमेश्वरम्: the Supreme Lord
• परमेश्वरम्: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: परम (प्रातिपदिक) + ईश्वर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; कर्मधारय (परमः ईश्वरः)

Speaker

Narrator/Compiler (invocatory obeisance to Lord Vishnu; within the Garuda–Vishnu dialogue framework)

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Viṣṇu as antaryāmin and sarva-sākṣin who knows all auspicious/inauspicious states.

Vedantic Theme: Antaryāmin-brahman; sākṣī-caitanya; īśvara as inner controller beyond individual limitation.

Application: Cultivate ethical self-awareness and steady remembrance: act as if before the inner Witness; offer daily namaskāra with inward sincerity.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: adbhuta

Geographic Context

Type: inner-space (heart as antaryamin)

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana (Pretakalpa/Bhakti sections): recurring praise of Viṣṇu as inner witness and refuge (general motif)

Characters & Entities

• Vishnu
• Parameshvara

FAQs

What is the importance of the 'sarva-sākṣī' (all-witness) idea in Garuda Purana?

This verse grounds moral accountability: Viṣṇu, dwelling within all, directly witnesses every śubha and aśubha act, making karma inescapably known and ethically consequential.

How does this verse relate to karma and the soul’s journey described in Garuda Purana?

By affirming an indwelling divine witness, it frames later afterlife descriptions (judgment, results of deeds, and post-death experiences) as outcomes of actions already known inwardly and completely.

Practical application of this wisdom today?

Live with integrity even in private—cultivate śubha conduct (truthfulness, compassion, restraint) because the inner Lord witnesses intentions and actions, shaping one’s karmic trajectory.