Shloka 19

Sup–Tiṅ Foundations: Prātipadika, Vibhaktis/Kārakas, and Lakāras

Tense–Mood System

Devanagari script

मिब्वस्मस्तु परस्मै हि पदानां चात्मनेपदम् / ताताञ्झ प्रथमो मध्य स्थासाथान्ध्वमथोत्तमः

Transliteration

mibvasmastu parasmai hi padānāṃ cātmanepadam / tātāñjha prathamo madhya sthāsāthāndhvamathottamaḥ

Translation

‘మి-వస్-మస్’ ఇవి పరస్మైపద తిఙ్-ప్రత్యయాలు; ఆత్మనేపదంలో కూడా తత్సమాన ప్రత్యయాలు గ్రహించాలి. లోట్ (ఆజ్ఞార్థం) లో ‘తాత్-ఆఞ్ఝ’ ప్రథమ, ‘స్థాస్-ఆథామ్-ధ్వమ్’ మధ్యమ, మిగిలినది ఉత్తమ పురుషమని చెప్పబడింది।

Word by Word

• मिब्: mib (1st sg parasmaipada ending)
• मिब्: Sambandha (Enumeration/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मिब् (प्रत्यय/तिङ्-प्रत्याहार)
• Form: प्रत्ययनाम; प्रथमा, एकवचन

• वस्: vas (1st du parasmaipada ending)
• वस्: Sambandha (Enumeration/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वस् (प्रत्यय/तिङ्-प्रत्याहार)
• Form: प्रत्ययनाम; प्रथमा, एकवचन

• मस्: mas (1st pl parasmaipada ending)
• मस्: Sambandha (Enumeration/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मस् (प्रत्यय/तिङ्-प्रत्याहार)
• Form: प्रत्ययनाम; प्रथमा, एकवचन

• तु: but/indeed
• तु: Sambandha (Discourse particle/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तु (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; विरोध/विशेषार्थक निपात (particle: ‘but/indeed’)

• परस्मै: for parasmaipada
• परस्मै: Sampradana (Dative/सम्प्रदान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: परस्मै (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, चतुर्थी (4th/चतुर्थी), एकवचन; ‘परस्मैपद’ इत्यर्थे दत्तिवाचक

• हि: indeed/for
• हि: Sambandha (Reason/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: हि (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; हेत्वर्थक/निश्चयार्थक निपात (particle: ‘indeed/for’)

• पदानाम्: of the sets (of endings)/padas
• पदानाम्: Sambandha (Genitive/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पद (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th/षष्ठी), बहुवचन

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (Connector/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; समुच्चयबोधक

• आत्मनेपदम्: ātmanepada
• आत्मनेपदम्: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: आत्मन् (प्रातिपदिक) + पद (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), एकवचन; समासः—आत्मने पदम् इति तत्पुरुष

• तात्: tāt (3rd sg ātmanepada ending)
• तात्: Sambandha (Enumeration/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तात् (प्रत्यय/तिङ्-प्रत्याहार)
• Form: प्रत्ययनाम; प्रथमा, एकवचन

• आताम्: ātām (3rd du ātmanepada ending)
• आताम्: Sambandha (Enumeration/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: आताम् (प्रत्यय/तिङ्-प्रत्याहार)
• Form: प्रत्ययनाम; प्रथमा, एकवचन

• झ: jha (3rd pl ātmanepada ending)
• झ: Sambandha (Enumeration/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: झ (प्रत्यय/तिङ्-प्रत्याहार)
• Form: प्रत्ययनाम; प्रथमा, एकवचन

• प्रथमः: first
• प्रथमः: Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: प्रथम (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; पुरुष-विशेषण

• मध्यः: middle
• मध्यः: Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: मध्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; पुरुष-विशेषण

• स्थास्: sthās (2nd sg ātmanepada ending)
• स्थास्: Sambandha (Enumeration/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: स्थास् (प्रत्यय/तिङ्-प्रत्याहार)
• Form: प्रत्ययनाम; प्रथमा, एकवचन

• आथाम्: āthām (2nd du ātmanepada ending)
• आथाम्: Sambandha (Enumeration/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: आथाम् (प्रत्यय/तिङ्-प्रत्याहार)
• Form: प्रत्ययनाम; प्रथमा, एकवचन

• ध्वम्: dhvam (2nd pl ātmanepada ending)
• ध्वम्: Sambandha (Enumeration/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ध्वम् (प्रत्यय/तिङ्-प्रत्याहार)
• Form: प्रत्ययनाम; प्रथमा, एकवचन

• अथ: then
• अथ: Sambandha (Sequencer/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अथ (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; अनुक्रम/आरम्भार्थक (particle: ‘then/now’)

• उत्तमः: best/last (i.e., first person)
• उत्तमः: Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: उत्तम (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; पुरुष-विशेषण

Speaker

Lord Vishnu (teaching Garuda/Vinatā-putra in a didactic section)

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Distinguishing parasmaipada vs ātmanepada endings and identifying imperative (loṭ) person-forms such as tāt/āñjha and sthās/āthām/dhvam.

Vedantic Theme: Discrimination (viveka) as a cognitive virtue: separating closely related categories to avoid error.

Application: When encountering or forming loṭ (imperative) and pada-choices, map endings to the correct person and voice to preserve intended meaning.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: adbhuta

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana 1.205.18 (tiṅ sets and puruṣa); Garuda Purana 1.205.20 (ādeśa and person interpretation)

Characters & Entities

• Vishnu
• Garuda

FAQs

What is the importance of parasmaipada and ātmanepada in Garuda Purana?

This verse shows that the text sometimes preserves traditional Sanskrit learning (verb-forms and endings) as part of dharma-oriented instruction, supporting correct recitation and understanding of sacred teachings.

How does this verse explain the path of the soul in Garuda Purana?

It does not directly describe the afterlife; instead, it functions as a grammatical/didactic note within the broader dharma section, emphasizing disciplined study and accurate transmission of knowledge.

Practical application of this wisdom today?

Use it as a reminder to study scriptures carefully—learning correct pronunciation, grammar, and meaning—so rituals, prayers, and teachings are transmitted accurately and responsibly.