Shloka 48

Devanagari script

यमो ऽहं नियमो रुद्र ! व्रतानि विविधानि च / अहं सूर्यस्तथा चन्द्रो मङ्गलादीन्यहं तथा

Transliteration

yamo 'haṃ niyamo rudra ! vratāni vividhāni ca / ahaṃ sūryastathā candro maṅgalādīnyahaṃ tathā

Translation

హే రుద్రా! నేను యముడను, నేను నియమము (శాసనం) కూడా; నానావిధ వ్రతములూ నేనే. నేను సూర్యుడను, అలాగే చంద్రుడను; మంగళాది గ్రహములూ నేనే.

Word by Word

• यमः: Yama / restraint
• यमः: Pratijñā/Predicative (सम्बन्ध/विशेष्य)
• Type: Noun
• Root: यम (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• अहम्: I
• अहम्: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अस्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: उत्तमपुरुष-सर्वनाम, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• नियमः: niyama / observance
• नियमः: Pratijñā/Predicative (सम्बन्ध/विशेष्य)
• Type: Noun
• Root: नियम (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• रुद्र: O Rudra
• रुद्र: Sambodhana (Address/सम्बोधन)
• Type: Noun
• Root: रुद्र (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन, एकवचन

• व्रतानि: vows, observances
• व्रतानि: Pratijñā/Predicative (सम्बन्ध/विशेष्य)
• Type: Noun
• Root: व्रत (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, बहुवचन

• विविधानि: various
• विविधानि: Qualifier (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: विविध (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, बहुवचन; व्रतानि इति विशेषणम्

• च: and
• च: Connector (समुच्चय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय-बोधक निपात (conjunction)

• अहम्: I
• अहम्: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अस्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: उत्तमपुरुष-सर्वनाम, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• सूर्यः: the Sun
• सूर्यः: Pratijñā/Predicative (सम्बन्ध/विशेष्य)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सूर्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• तथा: also
• तथा: Adverbial (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तथा (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (adverb), अर्थः—also/likewise

• चन्द्रः: the Moon
• चन्द्रः: Pratijñā/Predicative (सम्बन्ध/विशेष्य)
• Type: Noun
• Root: चन्द्र (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• मङ्गलादीनि: Mars and the others
• मङ्गलादीनि: Pratijñā/Predicative (सम्बन्ध/विशेष्य)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मङ्गल (प्रातिपदिक) + आदि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, बहुवचन; समासः—तत्पुरुष (ādi-artha: beginning with; maṅgala-ādīni = Mars etc.)

• अहम्: I
• अहम्: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अस्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: उत्तमपुरुष-सर्वनाम, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• तथा: likewise
• तथा: Adverbial (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तथा (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (adverb), अर्थः—likewise

Speaker

Uncertain (context-dependent within Garuḍa Purāṇa; this verse is phrased as a self-declaration, likely a deity asserting cosmic identity)

Pretakalpa Layer

Afterlife Stage: Yamaloka Journey

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Niyama and vrata align the individual with cosmic order; the same divinity presides as Yama (moral consequence) and as grahas (cosmic timing).

Vedantic Theme: Īśvara as niyantṛ (regulator) of karma-phala; unity of adhyātma and adhidaiva.

Application: Adopt disciplined observances (vrata/niyama) and ethical accountability, recognizing consequences (Yama) and timing (graha-kāla) as part of a lawful universe.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: adbhuta

Secondary Rasa: shanta

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana Pretakalpa sections on Yama and karmic consequence (general thematic link)

Characters & Entities

• Yama
• Niyama
• Rudra
• Surya
• Chandra
• Mangala

FAQs

What is the importance of Yama being identified with vows and discipline in the Garuda Purana?

This verse presents Yama not only as the judge of the dead but as a principle pervading ethical restraint (niyama) and religious observance (vrata), linking moral order with cosmic order.

How does this verse relate to the Garuda Purana’s view of karma and justice?

By equating Yama with the forces that regulate life—discipline, vows, and even celestial bodies—the verse implies that karmic law is woven into the structure of the universe, not merely enforced after death.

What is a practical application of this teaching today?

Treat daily discipline and chosen vows as participation in dharma: consistent ethical habits and sincere observances are portrayed as aligning oneself with the universe’s moral-cosmic order.