Shloka 34

Madātyaya Nidāna and Lakṣaṇa: Liquor’s Qualities, Tridoṣa Presentations, and Fainting Signs

Devanagari script

मदमानरोषतोष प्रवृत्तिभिरितस्ततः / युक्तायुक्तं च समं युक्तिं युङ्क्ते न मद्येन

Transliteration

madamānaroṣatoṣa pravṛttibhiritastataḥ / yuktāyuktaṃ ca samaṃ yuktiṃ yuṅkte na madyena

Translation

మద్యం ప్రభావంతో మత్తు, గర్వం, కోపం, తృప్తి వంటి వృత్తులచేత ఇటు అటు త్రిప్పబడే మనిషి యుక్తాయుక్త వివేకాన్ని వినియోగించలేడు; యోగ్యమూ అయోగ్యమూ సమానమని భావిస్తాడు।

Word by Word

• मद-मान-रोष-तोष-प्रवृत्तिभिः: by impulses of intoxication, pride, anger, and pleasure
• मद-मान-रोष-तोष-प्रवृत्तिभिः: Karana (Instrument/करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मद (प्रातिपदिक) + मान (प्रातिपदिक) + रोष (प्रातिपदिक) + तोष (प्रातिपदिक) + प्रवृत्ति (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग (प्रवृत्ति), तृतीया (3rd/तृतीया), बहुवचन; समाहार-द्वन्द्व/समुच्चयार्थ-समास (various impulses: intoxication, pride, anger, pleasure)

• इतस्: from here/this side
• इतस्: Kriya-vishesana (Adverbial/क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इतस् (अव्यय)
• Form: देश/दिशा-अव्यय (adverb: from here/this side)

• ततः: from there/that side
• ततः: Kriya-vishesana (Adverbial/क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ततः (अव्यय)
• Form: देश/दिशा-अव्यय (adverb: from there/that side)

• युक्त-अयुक्तम्: the right and the wrong
• युक्त-अयुक्तम्: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: युक्त (कृदन्त; युज् धातु) + अयुक्त (कृदन्त; युज् धातु)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन; इतरेतर-द्वन्द्व (the proper and the improper)

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (Connector/समुच्चय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय-अव्यय (conjunction)

• समम्: equally
• समम्: Kriya-vishesana (Adverbial/क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सम (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन; क्रियाविशेषणवत् (as an adverbial accusative: equally)

• युक्तिम्: judgment/reasoning
• युक्तिम्: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: युक्ति (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन

• युङ्क्ते: employs/applies
• युङ्क्ते: Kriya (Predicate/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: युज् (धातु)
• Form: लट् (Present/लट्), आत्मनेपद, प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन

• न: not
• न: Pratishedha (Negation/निषेध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न (अव्यय)
• Form: निषेध-अव्यय (negation particle)

• मद्येन: by wine/intoxicant
• मद्येन: Karana (Instrument/करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मद्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd), एकवचन

Speaker

Lord Viṣṇu (in instruction to Garuḍa/Vinatā-putra)

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Alcohol amplifies mada (pride/intoxication), māna (self-regard), roṣa (anger), and toṣa (complacent pleasure), destroying yukti (right reasoning) so that right and wrong appear equal.

Vedantic Theme: Tamas and rajas eclipse buddhi; viveka-bhraṃśa (loss of discrimination) leads to adharma.

Application: Avoid intoxicants that impair judgment; cultivate mindfulness and accountability; recognize emotional triggers (pride/anger) as signs of compromised discernment.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: bibhatsa

Secondary Rasa: raudra

Geographic Context

Type: ethical-psychological setting

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana (Ācāra/Dharma): condemnations of madya and its social/ethical fallout (general thematic parallel)

FAQs

What is the importance of avoiding intoxication in the Garuda Purana?

This verse frames intoxication as a direct destroyer of discernment (yukti/viveka), making a person equate right and wrong—thereby becoming prone to adharma.

How does this verse explain moral downfall?

It links moral confusion to inner impulses—intoxication, pride, anger, and complacency—that push the mind “here and there,” so one cannot judge what is proper versus improper.

Practical application of this wisdom today?

Avoid substances and habits that cloud judgment; cultivate steady discernment and self-restraint so decisions remain aligned with dharma rather than impulse.