Shloka 2

Hikkā-nidāna: Causes, Types, and the Grave Yamalā/Veginī Hiccup

Devanagari script

हिक्रा भक्ष्योद्भवा क्षुद्रा यमला महतीति च / गम्भीरा च मरुत्तत्र त्वरयायुक्तिसेवितैः

Transliteration

hikrā bhakṣyodbhavā kṣudrā yamalā mahatīti ca / gambhīrā ca maruttatra tvarayāyuktisevitaiḥ

Translation

అక్కడ వాయువు భేదాలు— హిక్కా, భక్ష్యోద్భవా, క్షుద్రా, యమలా, మహతీ, గంభీరా— అని చెప్పబడినవి. తొందరతోను పరిస్థితి బలవశముతోను ఉన్నవారు ఆ వాయువులచే నడిపింపబడుదురు.

Word by Word

• हिक्रा: hiccup
• हिक्रा: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: हिक्रा (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• भक्ष्योद्भवा: arising from food (edibles)
• भक्ष्योद्भवा: Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: भक्ष्य (प्रातिपदिक) + उद्भव (भू धातु-आधारित प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; समासः—तत्पुरुष (भक्ष्यात् उद्भवा)

• क्षुद्रा: minor
• क्षुद्रा: Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: क्षुद्र (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• यमला: double/paired (type)
• यमला: Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: यमल (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• महती: great/severe
• महती: Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: महत् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• इति: thus
• इति: Sambandha (Connector/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इति (अव्यय)
• Form: उद्धरण/समाप्त्यर्थक-निपात (quotative particle)

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (Connector/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयार्थक-निपात (conjunction)

• गम्भीरा: deep/serious
• गम्भीरा: Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: गम्भीर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (Connector/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयार्थक-निपात (conjunction)

• मरुत्: wind (vāta)
• मरुत्: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मरुत् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• तत्र: there/in that condition
• तत्र: Desha-adhikarana (Locative adverbial/देशाधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तत्र (अव्यय)
• Form: देशवाचक-अव्यय (locative adverb)

• त्वरया: with haste
• त्वरया: Karana (Instrument/करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: त्वरा (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/तृतीया), एकवचन

• युक्ति: method/means
• युक्ति: Karana (Instrument/करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: युक्ति (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, तृतीया, एकवचन (समासाङ्ग)

• सेवितैः: by things resorted to/used
• सेवितैः: Karana (Instrument/करण)
• Type: Verb
• Root: सेव् (धातु) → सेवित (कृदन्त)
• Form: भूतकर्मणि कृदन्त (past passive participle), तृतीया बहुवचन, पुं/नपुंसक; (अन्नपानैः इत्यादि साधनैः सह)

Speaker

Lord Vishnu (narrating to Garuda/Vinatā-putra)

Medical Ayurveda

Dosha: Vata

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Vāta manifests in distinct clinical forms (named varieties) and can ‘drive’ the person when aggravated, especially under haste/constraint.

Vedantic Theme: Guṇa-prakṛti dynamics reflected in bodily vāyu; the unseen principle becomes knowable through its patterned effects.

Application: Identify the type/variant before intervention; reduce haste and destabilizing circumstances that aggravate vāta.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: adbhuta

Secondary Rasa: shanta

Geographic Context

Type: teaching-setting

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana: vāta-vikāra classifications in the medical portion; Garuda Purana: hikkā-prakaraṇa continuation verses

Characters & Entities

• Maruts (winds)

FAQs

What is the importance of describing different winds in the Garuda Purana?

This verse uses named winds to depict the forceful, impersonal mechanics of the post-death realm—beings are carried along by powerful conditions shaped by karma, not by comfort or choice.

How does this verse explain the path of the soul after death?

It portrays movement in the after-death state as driven by harsh currents (marut/winds) and urgency (tvarā), suggesting the preta is propelled through experiences according to binding circumstances created by prior actions.

Practical application of this wisdom today?

Live with restraint and clarity—since karmic momentum can ‘carry’ one forcibly later, cultivate dharma, reduce harmful habits, and perform sincere purificatory practices and remembrance of Vishnu.