Shloka 45

रामायणकथासंक्षेपः — ब्रह्मोक्तो रामावतारवृत्तान्तः

Devanagari script

कुम्भं निकुम्भं मत्तञ्च मकराक्षं ह्यकम्पनम् / प्रहस्तं वीरमुन्मत्तं कुम्भकर्णं महाबलम्

Transliteration

kumbhaṃ nikumbhaṃ mattañca makarākṣaṃ hyakampanam / prahastaṃ vīramunmattaṃ kumbhakarṇaṃ mahābalam

Translation

కుంభుడు, నికుంభుడు, మత్తుడు, మకరాక్షుడు, అకంపనుడు; అలాగే ప్రహస్తుడు—ఆ వీర ఉన్మత్తుడు—మరియు మహాబలుడు కుంభకర్ణుడు కూడా (ఉన్నారు).

Word by Word

• कुम्भम्: Kumbha
• कुम्भम्: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कुम्भ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन

• निकुम्भम्: Nikumbha
• निकुम्भम्: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: निकुम्भ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन

• मत्तम्: Matta
• मत्तम्: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मत्त (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (Connector/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयार्थक-अव्यय

• मकराक्षम्: Makarākṣa
• मकराक्षम्: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मकर (प्रातिपदिक) + अक्ष (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन; समासः—मकरस्य अक्षी इव/मकराक्षः (नाम; तत्पुरुष/कर्मधारय-प्राय)

• हि: indeed
• हि: Sambandha (Particle/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: हि (अव्यय)
• Form: निपात (particle; emphasis/indeed)

• अकम्पनम्: Akampana (the unshaking one)
• अकम्पनम्: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अ (नञ्-पूर्वपद) + कम्पन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन; समासः—न कम्पनः (नञ्-तत्पुरुष)

• प्रहस्तम्: Prahasta
• प्रहस्तम्: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: प्रहस्त (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन

• वीरम्: heroic
• वीरम्: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: वीर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन; प्रहस्तम् इति विशेषण

• उन्मत्तम्: frenzied
• उन्मत्तम्: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: उन्मत्त (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन; प्रहस्तम् इति विशेषण

• कुम्भकर्णम्: Kumbhakarṇa
• कुम्भकर्णम्: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कुम्भ (प्रातिपदिक) + कर्ण (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन; समासः—कुम्भवत् कर्णौ यस्य/कुम्भकर्णः (नाम; तत्पुरुष/बहुव्रीहि-प्राय)

• महाबलम्: very strong
• महाबलम्: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: महा (प्रातिपदिक) + बल (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन; कुम्भकर्णम् इति विशेषण

Speaker

Lord Vishnu (narrating to Garuda/Vinata-putra, in a catalog-style listing)

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Even the mightiest forces aligned with adharma are ultimately subject to defeat; strength without righteousness collapses.

Vedantic Theme: Asuric bala divorced from sattva is self-defeating; dharma as the deeper ‘power’ sustaining order.

Application: Do not be intimidated by sheer power; assess legitimacy and ethics—unjust power is unstable.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: vira

Secondary Rasa: bhayanaka

Geographic Context

Type: enemy host / battlefield roster

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana 1.143.44 (preceding roster); Garuda Purana 1.143.43 (defeat context)

Characters & Entities

• Kumbha
• Nikumbha
• Matta
• Makaraksha
• Akampana
• Prahasta
• Unmatta
• Kumbhakarna

FAQs

What is the importance of listing these names in the Garuda Purana?

This verse functions as a catalog of notable figures (here, powerful Rakshasa warriors), preserving lineage/memory and anchoring the narrative in recognized traditional names.

How does this verse explain the path of the soul?

It does not directly describe the soul’s journey or death rites; it is a name-listing verse, likely part of a broader narrative section rather than a preta/afterlife instruction.

Practical application of this wisdom today?

Use it for accurate digital archiving, recitation reference, and cross-linking Purana passages with related epic traditions (e.g., identifying recurring characters and themes).