Shloka 53

Nīti for Calamity, Wealth, Friendship, Charity, and Restraint of Kāma

Devanagari script

अनुक्तमप्यूहति पण्डितो जनः परेङ्गितज्ञानफला हि बुद्धयः / उदीरितोर्थः पशुनापि गृह्यते हयाश्च नागाश्च वहन्ति दर्शितम्

Transliteration

anuktamapyūhati paṇḍito janaḥ pareṅgitajñānaphalā hi buddhayaḥ / udīritorthaḥ paśunāpi gṛhyate hayāśca nāgāśca vahanti darśitam

Translation

చెప్పని దానినీ పండితుడు ఊహిస్తాడు; ఎందుకంటే బుద్ధి ఫలం పరుని అంతర్లీన సంకేతాన్ని గ్రహించడం. కానీ స్పష్టంగా చెప్పిన అర్థం పశువుకూడా గ్రహిస్తుంది—గుర్రాలు, ఏనుగులు చూపిన భారాన్ని మోస్తాయి.

Word by Word

• अनुक्तम्: unsaid, unspoken
• अनुक्तम्: Karma (Object)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अ + उक्त (कृदन्त, √वच्)
• Form: क्त-प्रत्यय (PPP), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन; कर्म (object of ūhati)

• अपि: even
• अपि: Modifier (Particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अपि (अव्यय)
• Form: अपि-कार (particle: even)

• ऊहति: infers, conjectures
• ऊहति: Kriya (Verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: ऊह् (धातु)
• Form: लट् (present), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन

• पण्डितः: a learned man
• पण्डितः: Karta (Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पण्डित (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन

• जनः: person
• जनः: Karta (Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: जन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; पण्डितः इति समानाधिकरण

• परेङ्गितज्ञानफलाः: whose fruit is knowledge of others’ signs
• परेङ्गितज्ञानफलाः: Karta (Subject-Qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: पर (प्रातिपदिक) + इङ्गित (प्रातिपदिक) + ज्ञान (प्रातिपदिक) + फल (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), बहुवचन; बहुपद-तत्पुरुष (परेषाम् इङ्गितज्ञानं फलम् यासाम्) बुद्धयः इति विशेषण

• हि: indeed
• हि: Modifier (Emphasis)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: हि (अव्यय)
• Form: निपात (emphatic particle: indeed)

• बुद्धयः: intellects, understandings
• बुद्धयः: Karta (Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: बुद्धि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), बहुवचन

• उदीरितः: uttered, expressed
• उदीरितः: Karta (Subject-Qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: उद् + ईर् (धातु) → उदीरित (कृदन्त)
• Form: क्त-प्रत्यय (PPP), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; अर्थः इति विशेषण

• अर्थः: meaning, sense
• अर्थः: Karta (Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अर्थ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; कर्ता (of passive: that which is grasped)

• पशुना: by an animal
• पशुना: Kartr (Agent in passive)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पशु (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd), एकवचन; कर्तृ-करणभाव (agent in passive)

• अपि: even
• अपि: Modifier (Particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अपि (अव्यय)
• Form: अपि-कार (even)

• गृह्यते: is grasped/understood
• गृह्यते: Kriya (Verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: ग्रह् (धातु)
• Form: लट् (present), आत्मनेपद, प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन; कर्मणि (passive)

• हयाः: horses
• हयाः: Karta (Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: हय (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), बहुवचन

• च: and
• च: Connector
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय-अव्यय (and)

• नागाः: elephants
• नागाः: Karta (Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: नाग (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), बहुवचन

• च: and
• च: Connector
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय-अव्यय (and)

• वहन्ति: carry
• वहन्ति: Kriya (Verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: वह् (धातु)
• Form: लट् (present), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), बहुवचन

• दर्शितम्: what is shown/indicated
• दर्शितम्: Karma (Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दृश् (धातु) → दर्शित (कृदन्त)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन; क्त-प्रत्यय (PPP used as noun), कर्म

Speaker

Lord Vishnu (speaking to Garuda/Vinata-putra)

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: The wise infer the unspoken; explicit meaning is easy—mere demonstration can train even animals.

Vedantic Theme: Buddhi as viveka (discrimination) and anumāna; refinement of understanding beyond literalism; śabda’s implied sense (lakṣaṇā/vyañjanā) as higher comprehension.

Application: Practice reading context and intent; communicate with appropriate implication; in study, go beyond rote—seek underlying principles; in teaching, tailor explicitness to the learner.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: hasya

Secondary Rasa: shanta

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana 1.109 (nīti on paṇḍita-lakṣaṇa and inference)

FAQs

What is the importance of understanding implied meaning (pareṅgita) in the Garuda Purana?

This verse teaches that true wisdom includes inferring what is not explicitly spoken—grasping the speaker’s intent—rather than relying only on literal statements.

How does this verse explain the path of the soul in Garuda Purana teachings?

Indirectly, it sets a method: subtle topics like dharma, karma, and post-death states require intelligent inference and attentive understanding, not merely hearing words.

Practical application of this wisdom today?

Listen for intent, connect context, and reflect before acting—especially in ethical decisions and when studying sacred texts or receiving guidance from teachers.