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Shloka 20

Kṛṣṇa’s Queens, Their Sons, and Balarāma’s Victory over Rukmī at Dice

Aniruddha–Rocanā Marriage Context

श्रीराजोवाच कथं रुक्‍म्यरीपुत्राय प्रादाद् दुहितरं युधि । कृष्णेन परिभूतस्तं हन्तुं रन्ध्रं प्रतीक्षते । एतदाख्याहि मे विद्वन् द्विषोर्वैवाहिकं मिथ: ॥ २० ॥

śrī-rājovāca kathaṁ rukmy arī-putrāya prādād duhitaraṁ yudhi kṛṣṇena paribhūtas taṁ hantuṁ randhraṁ pratīkṣate etad ākhyāhi me vidvan dviṣor vaivāhikaṁ mithaḥ

రాజు పరీక్షితుడు అన్నాడు—యుద్ధంలో శ్రీకృష్ణునిచే అవమానింపబడి, ఆయనను చంపుటకు అవకాశాన్ని ఎదురు చూస్తున్న రుక్మీ, తన శత్రువు కుమారునికి తన కుమార్తెను ఎలా ఇచ్చాడు? ఓ పండితా, ఈ రెండు శత్రుపక్షాలు వివాహబంధంతో ఎలా ఏకమయ్యాయో చెప్పుము.

śrī-rājāthe king (Parīkṣit)
śrī-rājā:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootśrī + rājā (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṁliṅga (masc.), Prathamā vibhakti (Nom. 1st), Ekavacana (sg.); epithet ‘the venerable king’
uvācasaid
uvāca:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootvac (धातु)
FormLiṭ-lakāra (Perfect), Prathama-puruṣa (3rd), Ekavacana (sg.), Parasmaipada
kathamhow?
katham:
Kriyā-viśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootkatham (अव्यय)
FormPraśna-avyaya (interrogative adverb)
rukmīRukmī
rukmī:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootrukmin (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṁliṅga (masc.), Prathamā vibhakti (Nom. 1st), Ekavacana (sg.)
arī-putrāyato the son of (his) enemy
arī-putrāya:
Sampradāna (सम्प्रदान)
TypeNoun
Rootari + putra (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṁliṅga (masc.), Caturthī vibhakti (Dat. 4th), Ekavacana (sg.); samāsa: ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa ‘to (his) enemy’s son’
prādātgave
prādāt:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootdā (धातु)
FormLaṅ-lakāra (Imperfect/past), Prathama-puruṣa (3rd), Ekavacana (sg.), Parasmaipada; upasarga: pra-
duhitaramdaughter
duhitaram:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootduhitṛ (प्रातिपदिक)
FormStrīliṅga (fem.), Dvitīyā vibhakti (Acc. 2nd), Ekavacana (sg.)
yudhiin battle
yudhi:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootyudh (प्रातिपदिक)
FormStrīliṅga (fem.), Saptamī vibhakti (Loc. 7th), Ekavacana (sg.)
kṛṣṇenaby Kṛṣṇa
kṛṣṇena:
Karaṇa (करण)
TypeNoun
Rootkṛṣṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṁliṅga (masc.), Tṛtīyā vibhakti (Instr. 3rd), Ekavacana (sg.)
paribhūtaḥhumiliated/defeated
paribhūtaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootpari + bhū (धातु)
FormKta-pratyaya past passive participle (क्त), Puṁliṅga (masc.), Prathamā (Nom.), Ekavacana; karmaṇi-prayoga sense ‘having been humiliated’
tamhim
tam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Roottad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṁliṅga (masc.), Dvitīyā vibhakti (Acc. 2nd), Ekavacana (sg.)
hantumto kill
hantum:
Prayojana (प्रयोजन/Infinitive purpose)
TypeVerb
Roothan (धातु)
FormTumun-anta infinitive (तुमुन्), ‘to kill’
randhraman opening, a weak point
randhram:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootrandhra (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNapुṁsaka-liṅga (neut.), Dvitīyā vibhakti (Acc. 2nd), Ekavacana (sg.)
pratīkṣatewaits for, looks for
pratīkṣate:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootprati + īkṣ (धातु)
FormLaṭ-lakāra (Present), Prathama-puruṣa (3rd), Ekavacana (sg.), Ātmanepada
etatthis
etat:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootetad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormNapुṁsaka-liṅga (neut.), Dvitīyā vibhakti (Acc. 2nd), Ekavacana (sg.)
ākhyāhitell, explain
ākhyāhi:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootā + khyā (धातु)
FormLoṭ-lakāra (Imperative), Madhyama-puruṣa (2nd), Ekavacana (sg.), Parasmaipada
meto me
me:
Sampradāna (सम्प्रदान)
TypeNoun
Rootasmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormṢaṣṭhī vibhakti (Gen. 6th) / Caturthī (Dat. 4th) Ekavacana; here dative sense ‘to me’
vidvanO learned one
vidvan:
Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
TypeNoun
Rootvidvas (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṁliṅga (masc.), Sambodhana (Vocative), Ekavacana (sg.)
dviṣoḥof the two enemies
dviṣoḥ:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive)
TypeNoun
Rootdviṣ (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṁliṅga (masc.), Ṣaṣṭhī vibhakti (Gen. 6th), Dvivacana (du.)
vaivāhikamthe marriage-related matter/affair
vaivāhikam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootvaivāhika (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNapुṁsaka-liṅga (neut.), Dvitīyā vibhakti (Acc. 2nd), Ekavacana (sg.)
mithaḥmutually, between each other
mithaḥ:
Kriyā-viśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootmithaḥ (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya (adverb), paraspara-vācaka ‘mutually/between themselves’
P
Parīkṣit
R
Rukmī
K
Kṛṣṇa

FAQs

This verse records Parīkṣit’s doubt: despite Rukmī’s hostility and humiliation by Kṛṣṇa, he still arranged a marriage alliance with an enemy’s son—showing how political strategy can override personal enmity.

It highlights Rukmī’s deep resentment—he felt dishonored by Kṛṣṇa and continued to wait for a vulnerable moment to take revenge.

It cautions that unresolved humiliation and envy can turn into long-term obsession, and that outward alliances may hide inner hostility—so one should seek inner purification rather than revenge.