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Shloka 52

Kṛṣṇa Leads Kālayavana to Mucukunda; The Yavana Is Burned; Mucukunda’s Prayers and Boon of Bhakti

करोति कर्माणि तप:सुनिष्ठितो निवृत्तभोगस्तदपेक्षयाददत् । पुनश्च भूयासमहं स्वराडिति प्रवृद्धतर्षो न सुखाय कल्पते ॥ ५२ ॥

karoti karmāṇi tapaḥ-suniṣṭhito nivṛtta-bhogas tad-apekṣayādadat punaś ca bhūyāsam ahaṁ sva-rāḍ iti pravṛddha-tarṣo na sukhāya kalpate

ఇంకా గొప్ప అధికారాన్ని కోరే రాజు తపస్సులో స్థిరంగా ఉండి కర్తవ్యకర్మలు చేస్తాడు, భోగాలను వదలి దానమూ ఇస్తాడు. కానీ ‘నేనే స్వతంత్రుడను, పరముడను’ అని భావించి తృష్ణ పెంచుకునేవాడు సుఖాన్ని పొందలేడు।

karotidoes
karoti:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootkṛ (धातु)
FormPresent (लट्), Parasmaipada, 3rd person, Singular
karmāṇiactions
karmāṇi:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootkarman (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Accusative (2nd), Plural
tapaḥ-suniṣṭhitaḥfirmly devoted to austerity
tapaḥ-suniṣṭhitaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Roottapas (प्रातिपदिक) + su-niṣṭhita (कृदन्त)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular; तत्पुरुष: ‘in austerity’ + ‘well-established’ (niṣṭhita = PPP of √sthā with ni-, ‘firmly set’)
nivṛtta-bhogaḥone who has turned away from enjoyments
nivṛtta-bhogaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootni-vṛtta (कृदन्त) + bhoga (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular; तत्पुरुष: ‘withdrawn from’ + ‘enjoyments’ (nivṛtta = PPP of √vṛt with ni-)
tat-apekṣayāwith expectation of that (result)
tat-apekṣayā:
Hetu/Karana (हेतु/करण)
TypeNoun
Roottat (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक) + apekṣā (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine, Instrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Singular; tat = ‘that’ used as dependent pronoun in compound-like relation
adadatgave
adadat:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootdā (धातु)
FormImperfect (लङ्), Parasmaipada, 3rd person, Singular; with augment a-
punaḥagain
punaḥ:
Kriya-visheṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootpunaḥ (अव्यय)
FormAdverb (क्रियाविशेषण)
caand
ca:
Samuccaya (समुच्चय)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
FormConjunction/particle (समुच्चय)
bhūyāsammay I become
bhūyāsam:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootbhū (धातु)
FormBenedictive/Optative (विधिलिङ्), Parasmaipada, 1st person (उत्तमपुरुष), Singular
ahamI
aham:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootaham (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormPronoun, Nominative, Singular
sva-rāṭself-ruling, independent
sva-rāṭ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootsva (प्रातिपदिक) + rāṭ (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular (used predicatively); कर्मधारय: ‘self’ + ‘ruler’ = ‘independent/sovereign’
itithus
iti:
Vakyartha-marker (वाक्यार्थसूचक)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootiti (अव्यय)
FormQuotative particle (इति-प्रयोग)
pravṛddha-tarṣaḥwith increased craving
pravṛddha-tarṣaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootpra-vṛddha (कृदन्त) + tarṣa (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular; तत्पुरुष: ‘grown’ + ‘thirst/desire’
nanot
na:
Pratiṣedha (प्रतिषेध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootna (अव्यय)
FormNegation particle (निषेध)
sukhāyafor happiness
sukhāya:
Sampradana/Prayojana (सम्प्रदान/प्रयोजन)
TypeNoun
Rootsukha (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Dative (4th/चतुर्थी), Singular
kalpateis fit/suffices/serves
kalpate:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootkḷp (धातु)
FormPresent (लट्), Ātmanepada, 3rd person, Singular
M
Mucukunda

FAQs

This verse teaches that even after austerity and renouncing sense pleasure, the thirst to become greater (power, sovereignty, status) keeps growing and therefore does not produce true happiness.

In his reflection (as narrated by Śukadeva), Mucukunda points out that material desire resurfaces as subtle ambition—wanting to be “svarāṭ” (a sovereign)—and such craving perpetuates dissatisfaction rather than peace.

Use it as a check on “upgraded” desires: even when gross indulgence is reduced, watch for ambition-driven restlessness, and redirect goals toward inner contentment and devotion rather than status or control.