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Shloka 23

Gopī-gīta in Separation: The Flute’s Call and Vraja’s Ecstatic Response

वत्सलो व्रजगवां यदगध्रो वन्द्यमानचरण: पथि वृद्धै: । कृत्‍स्‍नगोधनमुपोह्य दिनान्ते गीतवेणुरनुगेडितकीर्ति: ॥ २२ ॥ उत्सवं श्रमरुचापि द‍ृशीना- मुन्नयन् खुररजश्छुरितस्रक् । दित्सयैति सुहृदासिष एष देवकीजठरभूरुडुराज: ॥ २३ ॥

vatsalo vraja-gavāṁ yad aga-dhro vandyamāna-caraṇaḥ pathi vṛddhaiḥ kṛtsna-go-dhanam upohya dinānte gīta-veṇur anugeḍita-kīrtiḥ

వ్రజ గోవులపై అపార వాత్సల్యంతో శ్రీకృష్ణుడు గోవర్ధనధరుడయ్యాడు. దినాంతంలో తన సమస్త గోధనాన్ని సమీకరించి తిరిగివస్తూ వంశీగీతం వాయిస్తాడు; మార్గంలో వృద్ధులు, దేవగణాలు ఆయన కమలపాదాలను వందిస్తారు, వెంట వచ్చే గోపబాలులు ఆయన కీర్తిని పాడుతారు. గోవుల ఖురాల ధూళితో ఆయన మాల ధూసరమవుతుంది; శ్రమతో మెరసిన ఆయన సౌందర్యం చూపులకు ఉత్సవమవుతుంది. స్నేహితుల కోరికలు తీర్చాలని తపనతో, యశోదా గర్భజ చంద్రునివలె ఆయన ప్రకాశిస్తాడు।

vatsalaḥaffectionate
vatsalaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootvatsala (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative), एकवचन (Singular)
vraja-gavāmof the Vraja cows
vraja-gavām:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
TypeNoun
Rootvraja (प्रातिपदिक) + go (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग (go-शब्दः), षष्ठी-विभक्ति (Genitive), बहुवचन (Plural)
yadu-agadhraḥthe chief/bull among the Yadus
yadu-agadhraḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootyadu (प्रातिपदिक) + agadhra (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन
vandyamāna-caraṇaḥwhose feet are being worshipped
vandyamāna-caraṇaḥ:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootvand (धातु) + māna (कृदन्त-प्रत्यय) + caraṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; वर्तमानकाले कर्मणि कृदन्तः (present passive participle) ‘वन्द्यमान’ + ‘चरण’
pathion the path
pathi:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootpathin (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी-विभक्ति (Locative), एकवचन
vṛddhaiḥby the elders
vṛddhaiḥ:
Karaṇa (करण) / Agent-in-passive (कर्तृ-तृतीया)
TypeNoun
Rootvṛddha (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति (Instrumental), बहुवचन
kṛtsna-go-dhanamthe entire wealth of cows (the whole herd)
kṛtsna-go-dhanam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootkṛtsna (प्रातिपदिक) + go (प्रातिपदिक) + dhana (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative), एकवचन; ‘सम्पूर्णम्’ + ‘गो-धनम्’
upohyahaving brought (them) near
upohya:
Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeVerb
Rootupa-uh (धातु)
Formक्त्वान्त (Gerund/Absolutive) ‘having brought/led near’
dina-anteat day’s end
dina-ante:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootdina (प्रातिपदिक) + anta (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी-विभक्ति, एकवचन
gīta-veṇuḥwith (his) flute played melodiously
gīta-veṇuḥ:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootgīta (प्रातिपदिक/कृदन्त) + veṇu (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; ‘गीतः वेणुः यस्य’ (veṇu played/sung)
anugeḍita-kīrtiḥwhose fame is repeatedly sung
anugeḍita-kīrtiḥ:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootanu-geḍ (धातु, देश्य/दुर्लभ) + kīrti (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग (किर्तिः), प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; भूतकृदन्त-भावः ‘अनुगेडित’ = ‘अनुगायित/अनुकीर्तित’ (praised repeatedly)

According to the ācāryas, at this point the gopīs climbed into the watchtowers of Vṛndāvana’s houses so they could see Kṛṣṇa as soon as possible when He returned home. Mother Yaśodā was very anxious for her son to come back, and therefore she had the tallest of the beautiful young gopīs climb up to see when He would arrive. It is implied here that Kṛṣṇa was somewhat delayed on the way home because His lotus feet were being worshiped by great demigods along the path.

Ś
Śrī Kṛṣṇa
V
Vraja-gopīs
V
Vraja elders (vṛddhāḥ)
C
Cows of Vraja

FAQs

This verse praises Kṛṣṇa as vatsala—tenderly affectionate—who personally leads the entire herd home, showing divine love through simple service as Gopāla.

The gopīs describe that even village elders recognize His extraordinary divinity and purity, so they honor Him naturally when He passes by.

Serve dependents with steadiness and care—like Kṛṣṇa guiding the herd—making devotion tangible through responsibility, gentleness, and daily duty.