Shloka 45

Kāliya-damana: Kṛṣṇa Subdues the Serpent and Purifies the Yamunā

Devanagari script

नम: कृष्णाय रामाय वसुदेवसुताय च । प्रद्युम्नायानिरुद्धाय सात्वतां पतये नम: ॥ ४५ ॥

Transliteration

namaḥ kṛṣṇāya rāmāya vasudeva-sutāya ca pradyumnāyāniruddhāya sātvatāṁ pataye namaḥ

Translation

వసుదేవుని కుమారులైన శ్రీకృష్ణుడు, శ్రీరాముడు, అలాగే ప్రద్యుమ్నుడు, అనిరుద్ధుడు—వారికి నమస్కారం. విష్ణుభక్త సాత్వతుల అధిపతి ప్రభువుకు మా ప్రణామాలు.

Synonyms

• नमः: salutation
• नमः: सम्बोधन-प्रयोग (Salutation)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: नमस् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: अव्यय (निपात/particle); नमस्कारार्थक

• कृष्णाय: to Krishna
• कृष्णाय: सम्प्रदान (चतुर्थी/Recipient)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कृष्ण (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, चतुर्थी (4th/चतुर्थी), एकवचन

• रामाय: to Rama (Balarama)
• रामाय: सम्प्रदान (चतुर्थी/Recipient)
• Type: Noun
• Root: राम (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, चतुर्थी (4th/चतुर्थी), एकवचन

• वसुदेवसुताय: to the son of Vasudeva
• वसुदेवसुताय: सम्प्रदान (चतुर्थी/Recipient)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वसुदेव + सुत (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, चतुर्थी (4th/चतुर्थी), एकवचन; समासः षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष (वसुदेवस्य सुतः)

• च: and
• च: समुच्चय (Connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; समुच्चयार्थक-निपात (conjunction)

• प्रद्युम्नाय: to Pradyumna
• प्रद्युम्नाय: सम्प्रदान (चतुर्थी/Recipient)
• Type: Noun
• Root: प्रद्युम्न (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, चतुर्थी (4th/चतुर्थी), एकवचन

• अनिरुद्धाय: to Aniruddha
• अनिरुद्धाय: सम्प्रदान (चतुर्थी/Recipient)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अनिरुद्ध (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, चतुर्थी (4th/चतुर्थी), एकवचन

• सात्वताम्: of the Sātvatas (devotees/VR̥ṣṇis)
• सात्वताम्: सम्बन्ध (Genitive relation)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सात्वत (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th/षष्ठी), बहुवचन

• पतये: to the lord
• पतये: सम्प्रदान (चतुर्थी/Recipient)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पति (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, चतुर्थी (4th/चतुर्थी), एकवचन

• नमः: salutation
• नमः: सम्बोधन-प्रयोग (Salutation)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: नमस् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: अव्यय; नमस्कारार्थक

Characters & Entities

• Krishna
• Balarama
• Vasudeva
• Pradyumna
• Aniruddha

FAQs

What is the meaning of 'namaḥ kṛṣṇāya rāmāya vasudeva-sutāya' in Srimad Bhagavatam?

It is a prayer of surrender offering obeisances to the Supreme Lord as Kṛṣṇa, as Rāma (Balarāma), and specifically as the son of Vasudeva—acknowledging His personal, approachable form and divine identity.

Why do Kāliya’s wives glorify Pradyumna and Aniruddha in Canto 10 Chapter 16?

While pleading for mercy, they praise the Lord in His well-known divine expansions—Pradyumna and Aniruddha—recognizing Kṛṣṇa as the supreme master worshiped by devotees in many manifestations.

How can this Bhagavatam verse be applied in modern devotional practice?

By cultivating humility and remembrance of the Lord through respectful obeisances, chanting His names, and recognizing that sincere praise and surrender invite divine mercy even in difficult situations.