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Shloka 12

Śrāddha’s Cosmic Reach and Kāla-Nirṇaya (Sacred Timings): Amāvāsyā, Nakṣatra-Yoga, Tīrtha, and Minimum Offerings

वैशाखमासस्य च या तृतीया नवम्य् असौ कार्त्तिकशुक्लपक्षे नभस्यमासस्य तु कृष्णपक्षे त्रयोदशी पञ्चदशी च माघे

vaiśākhamāsasya ca yā tṛtīyā navamy asau kārttikaśuklapakṣe nabhasyamāsasya tu kṛṣṇapakṣe trayodaśī pañcadaśī ca māghe

வைசாக மாதத்தின் திதி மூன்றாம் நாள், கார்த்திக சுக்லபட்சத்தின் ஒன்பதாம் நாள், நபஸ்ய (பாத்ரபத) கிருஷ்ணபட்சத்தின் பதின்மூன்றாம் நாள், மேலும் மாக மாதத்தின் பதினைந்தாம் நாள்—இவை சிறப்புப் புண்ணியத் திதிகளென அறிவிக்கப்படுகின்றன।

वैशाखमासस्यof the month Vaiśākha
वैशाखमासस्य:
Shashthi-Sambandha (Genitive relation/षष्ठीसम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Rootवैशाखमास (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), षष्ठी-विभक्ति (Genitive/6th), एकवचन (Singular); षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष (वैशाखस्य मासः)
and
:
Samuccaya (Coordination/समुच्चय)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चय-बोधक-अव्यय (conjunction: 'and')
याwhich
या:
Sambandha (Relative pronoun/सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग (Feminine), प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/1st), एकवचन (Singular)
तृतीयाthe third lunar day (tithi)
तृतीया:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootतृतीया (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग (Feminine), प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/1st), एकवचन (Singular)
नवमीthe ninth lunar day
नवमी:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootनवमी (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग (Feminine), प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/1st), एकवचन (Singular)
असौthat (one)
असौ:
Anvaya (Deictic reference/अन्वय)
TypeNoun
Rootअसद्/अदस् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग (Feminine), प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/1st), एकवचन (Singular)
कार्त्तिकशुक्लपक्षेin the bright fortnight of Kārttika
कार्त्तिकशुक्लपक्षे:
Adhikarana (Location/अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootकार्त्तिक (प्रातिपदिक) + शुक्लपक्ष (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), सप्तमी-विभक्ति (Locative/7th), एकवचन (Singular); षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष (कार्त्तिकस्य शुक्लपक्षे)
नभस्यमासस्यof the month Nabhasya
नभस्यमासस्य:
Shashthi-Sambandha (Genitive relation/षष्ठीसम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Rootनभस्यमास (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), षष्ठी-विभक्ति (Genitive/6th), एकवचन (Singular); षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष (नभस्यस्य मासः)
तुbut, however
तु:
Nipata (Particle/निपात)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु (अव्यय)
Formविरोध/विशेषणार्थक-अव्यय (particle: 'but/indeed')
कृष्णपक्षेin the dark fortnight
कृष्णपक्षे:
Adhikarana (Location/अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootकृष्णपक्ष (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), सप्तमी-विभक्ति (Locative/7th), एकवचन (Singular); कर्मधारय-समास (कृष्णः पक्षः)
त्रयोदशीthe thirteenth lunar day
त्रयोदशी:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootत्रयोदशी (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग (Feminine), प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/1st), एकवचन (Singular)
पञ्चदशीthe fifteenth lunar day
पञ्चदशी:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootपञ्चदशी (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग (Feminine), प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/1st), एकवचन (Singular)
and
:
Samuccaya (Coordination/समुच्चय)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चय-बोधक-अव्यय (conjunction: 'and')
माघेin (the month) Māgha
माघे:
Adhikarana (Location/अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootमाघ (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), सप्तमी-विभक्ति (Locative/7th), एकवचन (Singular)

Sage Parāśara (in instruction to Maitreya)

P
Parāśara
M
Maitreya
V
Vaiśākha
K
Kārttika
N
Nabhasya (Bhādrapada)
M
Māgha

FAQs

This verse lists particular tithis across key months as especially efficacious, showing that dharma is practiced in harmony with sacred time, where certain lunar configurations are treated as naturally conducive to merit and devotion.

By naming month-and-fortnight-specific tithis, Parāśara frames observance (vrata) as disciplined alignment with cosmic order—time itself becomes a vehicle for worship and the accumulation of puṇya.

Even when the verse focuses on dates, the underlying Vaishnava idea is that sacred time supports devotion directed to the Supreme—Vishnu—who upholds order and makes dharma fruitful when performed with right timing and intent.