Shloka 12

मैत्रीप्रतिज्ञा-वैरकारणप्रश्नः

Friendship Vow and Inquiry into the Cause of Enmity

Devanagari script

स ददर्श ततस्सालमविदूरे हरीश्वरः।सुपुष्पमीषत्पत्राढ्यं भ्रमरैरुपशोभितम्।।

Transliteration

sa dadarśa tataḥ sālam avidūre harīśvaraḥ | supuṣpam īṣat-patrāḍhyaṃ bhramarair upaśobhitam ||

Translation

அப்போது வானரத் தலைவன் அருகிலேயே ஒரு சால மரத்தை கண்டான்—மலர்களால் நிறைந்தது, இளஞ்சிறு இலைகளால் செழித்தது, வண்டுகளால் அழகுபெற்றது.

Word by Word

• सः: he
• सः: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; सर्वनाम (pronoun)

• ददर्श: saw
• ददर्श: Kriyā (क्रिया/Verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: दृश् (धातु)
• Form: लिट् (Perfect/परोक्षभूत), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन; परस्मैपद

• ततः: then
• ततः: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण/Time-context)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ततः (अव्यय-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: अव्यय; काल/क्रमवाचक (temporal-sequential adverb)

• सालम्: a śāla tree
• सालम्: Karma (कर्म/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: साल (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन

• अविदूरे: not far away
• अविदूरे: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण/Location)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अविदूर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/Locative), एकवचन; विशेषण (adjectival locative: 'not far away')

• हरीश्वरः: lord of the monkeys
• हरीश्वरः: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: हरि-ईश्वर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष (genitive determinative): हरिणाम् ईश्वरः

• सुपुष्पम्: well-flowered
• सुपुष्पम्: Karma (कर्म/Object-qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सु-पुष्प (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन; कर्मधारय: सु + पुष्प (well-flowered)

• ईषत्: slightly
• ईषत्: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण/Modifier)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ईषत् (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; परिमाणवाचक (degree adverb: 'slightly/a little')

• पत्राढ्यम्: rich in leaves
• पत्राढ्यम्: Karma (कर्म/Object-qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: पत्र-आढ्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन; तत्पुरुष: पत्रैः आढ्यः (rich in leaves)

• भ्रमरैः: by bees
• भ्रमरैः: Karaṇa (करण/Instrument)
• Type: Noun
• Root: भ्रमर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/Instrumental), बहुवचन

• उपशोभितम्: adorned/beautified
• उपशोभितम्: Karma (कर्म/Object-qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: उप-शुभ् (धातु) + क्त (कृदन्त)
• Form: भूतकर्मणि कृदन्त (past passive participle), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन; क्त-प्रत्यय

Context

Then the chief of monkeys saw a sala tree looking lovely with tender leaves and flowers graced by bees.

Characters & Entities

• Sugrīva
• śāla tree (sāla)
• bees (bhramara)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Hospitality and readiness to honor guests: noticing a suitable place and materials to seat Rāma anticipates respectful conduct (satkāra) as part of righteous relationship-building.

What is the narrative situation?

Sugrīva notices a nearby flowering śāla tree that can provide branches to make seats for Rāma and Lakṣmaṇa.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Attentiveness and reverence: Sugrīva’s quick observation supports dignified reception of allies.