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Shloka 99

पम्पा

तीर-वर्णनम् / Rama’s Lament at Pampa and the Approach to Rishyamuka

Devanagari script

प्लवैः क्रौञ्चैश्च सम्पूर्णां महामृगनिषेविताम्।अधिकं शोभते पम्पा विकूजद्भिःर्विहङ्गमैः।।।।दीपयन्तीव मे कामं विविधा मुदिता द्विजाः।श्यामां चन्द्रमुखीं स्मृत्वा प्रियां पद्मनिभेक्षणाम्।।।।

Transliteration

plavaiḥ krauñcaiś ca sampūrṇāṃ mahāmṛganiṣevitām | adhikaṃ śobhate pampā vikūjadbhir vihaṅgamaiḥ ||

dīpayantīva me kāmaṃ vividhā muditā dvijāḥ | śyāmāṃ candramukhīṃ smṛtvā priyāṃ padmanibhekṣaṇām ||

Translation

நீர்ப்பறவைகளாலும் க்ரௌஞ்சப் பறவைகளாலும் நிறைந்த, பெரிய மிருகங்கள் உலாவும் பம்பா ஏரி, கீச்சிடும் பறவைகளின் ஒலியால் மேலும் அழகுறுகிறது. பலவகை மகிழ்ந்த அந்தப் பறவைகள் என் ஏக்கத்தைத் தூண்டுகின்றன; நான் நினைக்கும் போது என் பிரியையை—கருநிறம் கொண்டவள், நிலவுமுகம் உடையவள், தாமரை போன்ற கண்கள் உடையவள்.

Word by Word
plavaiḥby/with waterfowl (plavas)
plavaiḥ:
Karana (करण/Instrument)
TypeNoun
Rootplava (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Instrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Plural (बहुवचन)
krauñcaiḥby/with krauñca-cranes
krauñcaiḥ:
Karana (करण/Instrument)
TypeNoun
Rootkrauñca (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Instrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Plural (बहुवचन)
caand
ca:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Connector)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
FormConjunction (समुच्चयबोधक अव्यय)
sampūrṇāmfilled, complete
sampūrṇām:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण/Qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootsampūrṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine, Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन); agrees with 'pampām' (understood as object of description)
mahāmṛga-niṣevitāmfrequented by great animals
mahāmṛga-niṣevitām:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण/Qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootmahā (प्रातिपदिक) + mṛga (प्रातिपदिक) + niṣevita (कृदन्त; नि-√sev (धातु) + क्त)
FormFeminine, Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन); past passive participle sense 'inhabited/visited'; compound: mahāmṛga = 'great animals' (कर्मधारय within), niṣevitā = 'frequented'
adhikammore, exceedingly
adhikam:
Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण/Adverbial)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootadhika (प्रातिपदिक)
FormAdverbial accusative (क्रियाविशेषणरूपेण द्वितीया)
śobhateshines, looks beautiful
śobhate:
Kriyā (क्रिया/Predicate)
TypeVerb
Root√śubh (धातु)
FormLakāra: Laṭ (लट्/Present), Prathama-puruṣa (3rd person/प्रथमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन); Ātmanepada (आत्मनेपद)
pampā(Lake) Pampā
pampā:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootpampā (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)
vikūjadbhiḥwarbling, chirping
vikūjadbhiḥ:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण/Qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootvi-√kūj (धातु) + śatṛ (कृदन्त)
FormMasculine/Neuter, Instrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Plural (बहुवचन); present active participle used adjectivally; agrees with 'vihaṅgamaiḥ'
vihaṅgamaiḥby birds
vihaṅgamaiḥ:
Karana (करण/Instrument)
TypeNoun
Rootvihaṅgama (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Instrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Plural (बहुवचन)
dīpayantīkindling, inflaming
dīpayantī:
Kriyāviśeṣaṇa/Upapada (भाववर्णन)
TypeAdjective
Root√dīp (धातु) + ṇic (णिच्/causative) + śatṛ/śānac (कृदन्त; here स्त्रीलिङ्ग प्र.एक. शानच्)
FormFeminine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन); present participle used as predicate adjective to 'pampā'
ivaas if
iva:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Comparator)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootiva (अव्यय)
FormParticle of comparison (उपमा-वाचक अव्यय)
memy, to me
me:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Possessor)
TypeNoun
Rootasmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormGenitive (6th/षष्ठी), Singular (एकवचन); enclitic form
kāmamdesire, longing
kāmam:
Karma (कर्म/Object)
TypeNoun
Rootkāma (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन)
vividhāḥvarious, many kinds of
vividhāḥ:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण/Qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootvividha (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Plural (बहुवचन); agrees with 'dvijāḥ'
muditāḥjoyous, delighted
muditāḥ:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण/Qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootmudita (कृदन्त; √mud (धातु) + क्त)
FormMasculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Plural (बहुवचन); past participle used adjectivally; agrees with 'dvijāḥ'
dvijāḥbirds (lit. twice-born)
dvijāḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootdvija (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Plural (बहुवचन)
śyāmāmdark-complexioned (lady)
śyāmām:
Karma (कर्म/Object)
TypeAdjective
Rootśyāmā (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine, Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन); object of 'smṛtvā' (remembering)
candramukhīmmoon-faced
candramukhīm:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण/Qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootcandra (प्रातिपदिक) + mukha (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine, Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन); karmadhāraya: 'moon-like face'
smṛtvāhaving remembered
smṛtvā:
Kriyā (क्रिया/Non-finite verb)
TypeVerb
Root√smṛ (धातु)
FormAbsolutive/Gerund (क्त्वा/ल्यप्), expressing prior action
priyāmbeloved (woman)
priyām:
Karma (कर्म/Object)
TypeNoun
Rootpriyā (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine, Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन); apposition to 'śyāmām'
padmanibhekṣaṇāmlotus-eyed
padmanibhekṣaṇām:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण/Qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootpadma (प्रातिपदिक) + nibha (प्रातिपदिक) + īkṣaṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine, Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन); tatpuruṣa: padma-nibha-īkṣaṇa = 'having eyes like lotuses' (upamā)
Context

Pampa, filled with swimming, kraunchas and frequented by big animals looks splendid. The joyous warbling of a variety of birds is highly exciting. They kindle my passion for my young, Moon-faced, lotus eyed beloved.

Characters & Entities
P
Pampā
K
krauñca birds
D
dvija (birds)
S
Sītā (implied as ‘beloved’)

FAQs

Dharma is the discipline of holding truthfully acknowledged emotion within the bounds of duty: Rāma admits longing for Sītā, yet continues forward on the righteous path to find her.

While near Lake Pampā, the beauty and bird-calls trigger Rāma’s remembrance of Sītā, intensifying his separation-sorrow as he journeys onward.

Truthfulness of feeling (satya to one’s inner state) combined with perseverance—Rāma does not deny grief, but does not surrender to it.

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