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Shloka 29

उद्योगपर्व — विदुरनीतिः (Adhyāya 37): आयुःक्षयहेतवः, नीतिसूत्राणि, बलभेदाः, पाण्डव-विग्रहदोषदर्शनम्

न शत्रुर्वशमापतन्नो मोक्तव्यो वध्यतां गत: । न्यग्भूत्वा पर्युपासीत वध्यं हन्याद्‌ बले सति । अहताद्धि भयं तस्माज्जायते नचिरादिव

na śatrur vaśam āpatanno moktavyo vadhyatāṃ gataḥ | nyagbhūtvā paryupāsīta vadhyaṃ hanyād bale sati | ahatād dhi bhayaṃ tasmāj jāyate na cirād iva ||

வசத்தில் விழுந்து தண்டனைக்குரிய பகைவனை விடுதலை செய்யக் கூடாது. முதலில் அவனை அடக்கி கண்காணிப்பில் வைத்திருக்க வேண்டும்; வலமும் வாய்ப்பும் உறுதியானபோது வத்யனானவனை வதம் செய்ய வேண்டும். ஏனெனில் அவன் காயமின்றி விடப்பட்டால், சிறிது காலத்திலேயே அவனிடமிருந்து மீண்டும் அச்சம் எழும்.

not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
शत्रुःenemy
शत्रुः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootशत्रु
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
वशम्into control, subjection
वशम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootवश
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
आपतत्fell into, came under
आपतत्:
TypeVerb
Rootआपत्
FormImperfect (Laṅ), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
नःof us/our
नः:
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
Form—, Genitive, Plural
मोक्तव्यःto be released
मोक्तव्यः:
TypeVerb
Rootमुच्
FormGerundive (tavya), Masculine, Nominative, Singular
वध्यताम्of those to be slain
वध्यताम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootवध्य
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
गतःgone; having come to (a state)
गतः:
TypeVerb
Rootगम्
FormPast active participle (kta), Masculine, Nominative, Singular
न्यक्downwards, low
न्यक्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन्यक्
भूत्वाhaving become
भूत्वा:
TypeVerb
Rootभू
FormAbsolutive (ktvā), Parasmaipada
पर्युपासीतshould wait upon/attend, should serve
पर्युपासीत:
TypeVerb
Rootउप-आस् (परि+उप+आस्)
FormOptative (Liṅ), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
वध्यम्one who is to be slain
वध्यम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootवध्य
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
हन्यात्should kill
हन्यात्:
TypeVerb
Rootहन्
FormOptative (Liṅ), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
बलेwhen there is strength; in strength
बले:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootबल
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
सतिbeing; existing
सति:
TypeVerb
Rootअस्
FormPresent active participle (śatṛ), Neuter, Locative, Singular
अहतात्from (one) not slain; from the unstruck
अहतात्:
Apadana
TypeAdjective
Rootअ-हत
FormMasculine/Neuter, Ablative, Singular
हिindeed, for
हि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि
भयम्fear
भयम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootभय
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
तस्मात्from that/from him
तस्मात्:
Apadana
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Ablative, Singular
जायतेarises, is born
जायते:
TypeVerb
Rootजन्
FormPresent (Laṭ), 3rd, Singular, Ātmanepada
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
चिरात्after a long time; long afterwards
चिरात्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootचिर
इवas if, like
इव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइव

विदुर उवाच

V
Vidura
E
enemy (śatru)

Educational Q&A

Vidura teaches a hard-edged principle of rāja-nīti: a dangerous enemy who has fallen into one’s power should not be set free, because sparing him can quickly regenerate threat; restraint and vigilance are required, and decisive action is justified when one has the strength to prevent future harm.

In the Udyoga Parva’s counsel-setting, Vidura is advising the Kuru leadership on prudent governance and conflict management. Here he warns against releasing a captured or subdued adversary, emphasizing the political and moral responsibility to prevent renewed danger.