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Shloka 31

हंस–साध्यसंवादः, वाक्-निग्रहः, महाकुल-लक्षणम्, शान्ति-उपायः

Hamsa–Sādhya Dialogue; Restraint of Speech; Marks of Noble Lineage; Means to Peace

अष्टौ गुणा: पुरुषं दीपयन्ति प्रज्ञा च कौल्यं च श्रुतं दमश्न । पराक्रमश्चाबहुभाषिता च दानं यथाशक्ति कृतज्ञता च

aṣṭau guṇāḥ puruṣaṃ dīpayanti prajñā ca kaulyaṃ ca śrutaṃ damaś ca | parākramaś cābahubhāṣitā ca dānaṃ yathāśakti kṛtajñatā ca ||

விதுரர் போதித்தார்—மனிதனை ஒளிரச் செய்யும் எட்டு குணங்கள்: அறிவுத் தெளிவு, குலநலம்/நல்லொழுக்கம், சாஸ்திரக் கேள்வியால் பெற்ற கல்வி, புலனடக்கம், வீரத் துணிவு, குறைவாகப் பேசும் பண்பு, தன் ஆற்றலுக்கேற்ப தானம், மற்றும் நன்றியுணர்வு. இவையே சமூகத்திலும் தர்மப் பாதையிலும் மனிதனின் உண்மையான அணிகலன்கள்।

अष्टौeight
अष्टौ:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअष्टन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
गुणाःqualities, virtues
गुणाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootगुण
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
पुरुषम्a man, person
पुरुषम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपुरुष
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
दीपयन्तिilluminate, make shine, adorn
दीपयन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootदीप् (दीपयति)
FormPresent, Third, Plural, Parasmaipada, Active
प्रज्ञाwisdom, intelligence
प्रज्ञा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootप्रज्ञा
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
कौल्यंnobility of family, good lineage
कौल्यं:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकौल्य
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
श्रुतम्learning, what is heard (scriptural knowledge)
श्रुतम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootश्रुत
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
दमःself-control, restraint
दमः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदम
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
पराक्रमःvalor, prowess
पराक्रमः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपराक्रम
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अबहुभाषिताnot speaking much, brevity in speech
अबहुभाषिता:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअ-बहु-भाषिता
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
दानम्giving, charity
दानम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदान
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
यथाशक्तिaccording to one's ability
यथाशक्ति:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथा-शक्ति
कृतज्ञताgratitude
कृतज्ञता:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकृतज्ञता
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root

विदुर उवाच

V
Vidura

Educational Q&A

A person’s true brilliance comes from cultivated virtues—wisdom, noble conduct, learning, self-control, courage, restrained speech, appropriate generosity, and gratitude—rather than from power or status alone.

In Vidura’s counsel during the Udyoga Parva’s tense pre-war diplomacy, he lists the virtues that should guide leaders and individuals, implicitly critiquing reckless pride and urging dharmic character as the basis of policy and conduct.