Shloka 13

Adhyaya 32: Saṃjaya’s Return, Audience with Dhṛtarāṣṭra, and Ethical Admonition

Devanagari script

विदुर उवाच अभियुक्त बलवता दुर्बलं हीनसाधनम्‌ | हृतस्वं कामिनं चोरमाविशन्ति प्रजागरा:

Transliteration

vidura uvāca abhi-yuktaḥ balavatā durbalaṁ hīna-sādhanam | hṛta-svaṁ kāminaṁ coram āviśanti prajāgarāḥ ||

Translation

விதுரர் கூறினார்—அரசே! வலிமைமிக்க எதிரியால் சவால் செய்யப்பட்ட பலவீனன், ஆதாரமற்றவன், செல்வம் பறிக்கப்பட்டவன், காமவசப்பட்டவன், திருடன்—இவர்களை இரவில் தூக்கமின்மை ஆட்கொள்கிறது.

Word by Word

• विदुरः: Vidura
• विदुरः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: विदुर
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• उवाच: said
• Type: Verb
• Root: वच्
• Form: Perfect, 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada

• अभियुक्तम्: one who is challenged/attacked/engaged (in conflict)
• अभियुक्तम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अभि-युज्
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• बलवता: by a strong (man)
• बलवता: Karana
• Type: Adjective
• Root: बलवत्
• Form: Masculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Singular

• दुर्बलम्: weak (man)
• दुर्बलम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: दुर्बल
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• हीनसाधनम्: one lacking resources/means
• हीनसाधनम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: हीनसाधन
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• हृतस्वम्: one whose property has been taken away
• हृतस्वम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: हृतस्व
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• कामिनम्: a lustful/desirous man
• कामिनम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: कामिन्
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• चोरम्: a thief
• चोरम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: चोर
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• आविशन्ति: enter/come upon
• Type: Verb
• Root: आ-विश्
• Form: Present, 3rd, Plural, Parasmaipada

• प्रजागराः: wakefulness; sleeplessness (night-watches)
• प्रजागराः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: प्रजागर
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

Speaker

विदुर उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Vidura
• King (Dhṛtarāṣṭra, implied addressee)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

Peace of mind depends on dharmic security and self-mastery: fear from conflict with the powerful, loss of resources, dispossession, uncontrolled desire, and the guilt/fear of theft all produce restless wakefulness.

What is happening in the narrative?

Vidura is counseling the king in the Udyoga Parva, using a list of types of people who cannot sleep to warn about the mental torment caused by insecurity, craving, and wrongdoing—an ethical admonition relevant to royal conduct and policy.