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Shloka 18

Kṣātra-dharma in Campaign and Battle: Protection, Purification, and the Ideal Warrior’s End (क्षात्रधर्मः—अभियानयुद्धे रक्षणदानशुद्धिः)

पुरुषाणां समानानां दृश्यते महदन्तरम्‌ | संग्रामेडनीकवेलायामुत्क्रुष्टेडशभिपतन्त्युत

bhīṣma uvāca | puruṣāṇāṁ samānānāṁ dṛśyate mahad antaram | saṅgrāme ’nīkavelāyām utkr̥ṣṭe daśabhiḥ patanty uta |

பீஷ்மர் கூறினார்—மனிதர்கள் தோற்றத்தில் ஒரேபோல் இருந்தாலும், பெரும் வேறுபாடு போர்க்களத்தில் வெளிப்படும்; படைகள் மோதும் தருணத்தில், நாலாபுறமும் வீரர்களின் முழக்கம் எழும்போது. அப்போது சிலர் அச்சமின்றி பகைவர்மேல் பாய்வர்; சிலர் தம் உயிரைக் காக்கும் கவலையில் மூழ்குவர்।

पुरुषाणाम्of men
पुरुषाणाम्:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootपुरुष
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
समानानाम्of similar (ones)
समानानाम्:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootसमान
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
दृश्यतेis seen/appears
दृश्यते:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootदृश्
FormPresent, Indicative, Atmanepada (passive-like usage), Third, Singular
महत्great
महत्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootमहत्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
अन्तरम्difference
अन्तरम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअन्तर
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
संग्रामेin battle
संग्रामे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootसंग्राम
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
अनीक-वेलायाम्at the time of (armies’) encounter/engagement
अनीक-वेलायाम्:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootअनीक + वेला
FormFeminine, Locative, Singular
उत्कृष्टेwhen (the cry/shout) is raised; at the heightened moment
उत्कृष्टे:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootउत्कृष्ट
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
दशभिःby tens; with ten (kinds/ways)
दशभिः:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootदश
FormMasculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Plural
पतन्तिthey fall/they rush (upon)
पतन्ति:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootपत्
FormPresent, Indicative, Parasmaipada, Third, Plural
उत्up; forth (as a preverb/particle)
उत्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootउत्

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
M
men (puruṣāḥ)
B
battlefield (saṅgrāma)
A
armies/battle-arrays (anīka)

Educational Q&A

Outward sameness does not indicate inner strength. Crisis—especially the terror and confusion of battle—reveals a person’s real disposition: steadfast courage versus self-preserving fear. The verse highlights ethical discernment: judging character by conduct under pressure rather than by appearance.

Bhishma is instructing by observation from warfare: when armies close in and the battle-cries rise, the ranks split in spirit—some warriors charge the enemy without fear, while others hesitate and focus on protecting their lives. The battlefield becomes a proving ground where inner qualities become visible.