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Shloka 49

Āśrama-dharma: Duties of the Four Life-Stages (आश्रमधर्मः)

उदितेडनुदिते वापि श्रद्धधानो जितेन्द्रिय: । वह्निं जुहोति धर्मेण श्रद्धा वै कारणं महत्‌

udite 'nudite vāpi śraddadhāno jitendriyaḥ | vahniṃ juhoti dharmeṇa śraddhā vai kāraṇaṃ mahat ||

சூரியன் உதிக்கும் போதும், உதிக்குமுன்பும், நம்பிக்கையுடன் (ஶ்ரத்தையுடன்) இन्द्रியங்களை அடக்கியவன் தர்மப்படி அக்னியில் ஆஹுதி செலுத்தினால்—அந்த யாகக் கிரியையின் உண்மையான பலனுக்குக் காரணமாக நிற்பது ஶ்ரத்தையே ஆகும்.

उदितेwhen (the sun is) risen
उदिते:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootउदित (√उद्)
Formneuter, locative, singular
अनुदितेwhen (the sun is) not yet risen
अनुदिते:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootअनुदित (√उद्)
Formneuter, locative, singular
वाor
वा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा
अपिalso/even
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
श्रद्धधानःfaithful, having faith
श्रद्धधानः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootश्रद्धधान (√धा)
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
जितेन्द्रियःself-controlled (one whose senses are conquered)
जितेन्द्रियः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootजितेन्द्रिय
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
वह्निम्fire
वह्निम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootवह्नि
Formmasculine, accusative, singular
जुहोतिoffers (as oblation), sacrifices
जुहोति:
TypeVerb
Rootहु
Formpresent, third, singular, parasmaipada
धर्मेणaccording to dharma / by righteous rule
धर्मेण:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म
Formmasculine, instrumental, singular
श्रद्धाfaith
श्रद्धा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootश्रद्धा
Formfeminine, nominative, singular
वैindeed
वै:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवै
कारणम्cause, reason
कारणम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकारण
Formneuter, nominative, singular
महत्great, principal
महत्:
TypeAdjective
Rootमहत्
Formneuter, nominative, singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
V
vahni (Agni, sacrificial fire)
S
sūrya (sunrise implied by udite/anudite)

Educational Q&A

The verse teaches that the inner disposition—śraddhā (faithful, sincere intent)—is the principal factor that makes a dharmic act spiritually effective; correct timing and procedure matter, but faith is the decisive cause.

In the Śānti Parva’s instruction on dharma, Bhīṣma explains to Yudhiṣṭhira that a disciplined person offering oblations into the sacred fire—whether at sunrise or before it—achieves the rite’s true purpose chiefly through faith.