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Shloka 72

Varṇa-dharma and Rājadharma: Yudhiṣṭhira’s Inquiry and Bhīṣma’s Normative Outline (वर्णधर्म-राजधर्म-प्रश्नोत्तरम्)

धर्मश्चनार्थश्व॒ कामश्न मोक्षश्षात्रानुवर्णिता: | उपायाश्चार्थलिप्सा च विविधा भूरिदक्षिण,प्रचुर दक्षिणा देनेवाले युधिष्ठिर! इस ग्रन्थमें धर्म, अर्थ, काम और मोक्षका, इनकी प्राप्तिके उपायोंका तथा नाना प्रकारकी धन-लिप्साका भी वर्णन है

dharmaś cānārthaś ca kāmaś ca mokṣaś cātra anūvarṇitāḥ | upāyāś cārthalipsā ca vividhā bhūridakṣiṇa ||

பீஷ்மர் கூறினார்—மிகுந்த தானம் வழங்கும் யுதிஷ்டிரா! இந்நூலில் தர்மம், அர்த்தம், காமம், மோக்ஷம் ஆகியவை; அவற்றை அடையும் வழிமுறைகள்; மேலும் செல்வத்திற்கான பலவகை ஆசைகளும் சாஸ்திர முறையில் விவரிக்கப்பட்டுள்ளன.

धर्मःdharma, righteousness
धर्मः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अर्थःwealth, purpose
अर्थः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअर्थ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
कामःdesire, pleasure
कामः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकाम
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
मोक्षःliberation
मोक्षः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमोक्ष
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
शास्त्रानुवर्णिताःdescribed in the treatises
शास्त्रानुवर्णिताः:
TypeAdjective
Rootशास्त्र-अनुवर्णित
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
उपायाःmeans, methods
उपायाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootउपाय
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अर्थलिप्साdesire for wealth
अर्थलिप्सा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअर्थ-लिप्सा
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
विविधाvarious, manifold
विविधा:
TypeAdjective
Rootविविध
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
भूरिदक्षिणO one of abundant gifts (generous giver)
भूरिदक्षिण:
Sampradana
TypeAdjective
Rootभूरि-दक्षिण
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
Y
Yudhiṣṭhira

Educational Q&A

Bhīṣma frames the instruction as comprehensive: it covers the four puruṣārthas—dharma, artha, kāma, and mokṣa—along with the practical means to pursue them, while also warning that the pursuit of artha can slide into artha-lipsā (greed). The ethical point is to seek prosperity and pleasure under the governance of dharma, without being mastered by craving.

In Śānti Parva, Bhīṣma instructs King Yudhiṣṭhira after the war, offering guidance on righteous rule and right living. Here he signals that the discourse/text includes teachings on all major human aims and the methods to attain them, addressing Yudhiṣṭhira as 'bhūri-dakṣiṇa' (generous giver) to connect the lesson to royal responsibility and charity.