Previous Verse
Next Verse

Shloka 2

Adhyāya 353 — Kathā-prāmāṇya (Authority of Transmission) and the Brāhmaṇa’s Ascetic Resolve

न स शक्यस्त्वया द्रष्ट मयान्यैर्वापि सत्तम । सगुणो निर्गुणो विश्वो ज्ञानदृश्यो हासौ स्मृत:,साधुशिरोमणे! तुम, मैं अथवा दूसरे लोग भी उस सगुण-निर्गुण विश्वात्मा पुरुषको इन चर्म-चक्षुओंसे नहीं देख सकते। वे ज्ञानसे ही देखने योग्य माने गये हैं

na sa śakyas tvayā draṣṭuṁ mayānyair vāpi sattama | saguṇo nirguṇo viśvo jñānadṛśyo hy asau smṛtaḥ ||

மனிதர்களில் சிறந்தவனே! குணங்களுடனும் குணங்களைக் கடந்தவனுமாகச் சொல்லப்படும் அந்த விஸ்வாத்மனை நீயும் நானும் பிறரும் இந்த உடல் கண்களால் காண இயலாது. அவர் ஞானத்தாலேயே காணத்தக்கவன் என்று கருதப்படுகிறார்।

not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
सःhe/that (one)
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
शक्यःpossible, able (to be)
शक्यः:
TypeAdjective
Rootशक्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
त्वयाby you
त्वया:
Karana
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
FormInstrumental, Singular
द्रष्टुम्to see
द्रष्टुम्:
TypeVerb
Rootदृश्
FormTumun (infinitive)
मयाby me
मया:
Karana
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
FormInstrumental, Singular
अन्यैःby others
अन्यैः:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootअन्य
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
वाor
वा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा
अपिalso, even
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
सत्तमO best of beings
सत्तम:
TypeNoun
Rootसत्तम
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
सगुणःwith attributes
सगुणः:
TypeAdjective
Rootसगुण
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
निर्गुणःwithout attributes
निर्गुणः:
TypeAdjective
Rootनिर्गुण
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
विश्वःthe universe; the all
विश्वः:
TypeNoun
Rootविश्व
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
ज्ञानदृश्यःvisible/knowable through knowledge
ज्ञानदृश्यः:
TypeAdjective
Rootज्ञान-दृश्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
indeed (emphatic particle)
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
असौthat (yonder one)
असौ:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootअसद्/अदस् (प्रोनoun stem अदस्)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
स्मृतःis considered/remembered (as)
स्मृतः:
TypeVerb
Rootस्मृ
FormKta (past passive participle), Masculine, Nominative, Singular, Passive (sense)

पितामह उवाच

B
Bhīṣma (Pitāmaha)
U
Universal Self / Supreme Person (Viśvātmā / Puruṣa)

Educational Q&A

The Supreme Reality is not an object of sensory perception; it is realized through jñāna (inner knowledge/insight). The verse also reconciles descriptions of the Absolute as both saguṇa (manifest with attributes) and nirguṇa (transcendent beyond attributes).

In Śānti Parva’s instruction-setting, Bhīṣma addresses his listener as “sattama” and clarifies that the universal Self cannot be seen by ordinary eyes—neither by the listener, nor by Bhīṣma, nor by anyone else—because it is apprehended only through knowledge.