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Shloka 2

अव्यक्त-प्रबोधः (Awakening to the Unmanifest): The 25th and 26th Principles and Eligibility for Brahma-vidyā

यदेतज्जायते5पत्यं स एवायमिति श्रुति: । कथं ब्राह्मणतो जातो विशेषग्रहणं गत:

Janaka uvāca: yad etaj jāyate 'patyaṃ sa evāyam iti śrutiḥ | kathaṃ brāhmaṇato jāto viśeṣa-grahaṇaṃ gataḥ ||

ஜனகன் கூறினான்— ஸ்ருதி கூறுகிறது—“பிறக்கும் சந்ததி அவனே (பிறப்பித்தவனே).” அப்படியானால், தொடக்கத்தில் பிரம்மாவால் பிறந்த பிராமணர்களிலிருந்தே அனைவரும் தோன்றியிருந்தால், க்ஷத்திரியர் முதலிய வேறுபட்ட வகைப்பெயர்கள் எவ்வாறு ஏற்பட்டன?

यत्that which
यत्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
एतत्this
एतत्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootएतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
जायतेis born / comes into being
जायते:
TypeVerb
Rootजन् (धातु)
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Atmanepada
अपत्यम्offspring
अपत्यम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअपत्य (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
सःhe / that (one)
सः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
एवindeed / only
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
अयम्this (one)
अयम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootइदम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
इतिthus (quotative)
इति:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति
श्रुतिःscriptural statement / śruti
श्रुतिः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootश्रुति (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
कथम्how?
कथम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootकथम्
ब्राह्मणतःfrom a brāhmaṇa
ब्राह्मणतः:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootब्राह्मण (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Ablative, Singular
जातःborn (having been born)
जातः:
TypeAdjective
Rootजन् (धातु) → जात (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
विशेषग्रहणम्acceptance/assumption of a distinction
विशेषग्रहणम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootविशेषग्रहण (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
गतःgone to / come to (i.e., obtained)
गतः:
TypeAdjective
Rootगम् (धातु) → गत (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

जनक उवाच

J
Janaka
Ś
Śruti (Vedic revelation)
B
Brāhmaṇa
K
Kṣatriya
B
Brahmā (implied by context)

Educational Q&A

The verse frames a philosophical problem: if scripture treats progeny as a continuation of the progenitor, and if early creation is traced to Brahmā and the primordial Brāhmaṇas, then the later emergence of distinct social-ritual identities (Kṣatriya etc.) requires explanation—inviting discussion of varṇa as based on qualities, conduct, and function rather than mere origin.

King Janaka challenges a doctrinal point using śruti: he cites a scriptural statement about identity/continuity through offspring and then asks how, given an originally common source, differentiated varṇa-designations arose. This sets up the ensuing teaching in the dialogue on social order and dharma.