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Shloka 8

Yoga-kṛtya (योककृत्य) — Vyāsa on Sense-Restraint, Obstacles, and Brahman-Realization

गुणा: सर्वस्य पूर्वस्य प्राप्तुवन्त्युत्तरोत्तरम्‌ । तेषां यावद्‌ यथा यच्च तत्तत्‌ तावदगुणं स्मृतम्‌,पीछे प्रकट हुए वायु आदि भूत उत्तरोत्तर अपने पूर्ववर्ती सभी भूतोंके गुण धारण करते हैं। इन सब भूतोंमेंसे जो भूत जितने समयतक जिस प्रकार रहता है, उसके गुण भी उतने ही समयतक रहते हैं

guṇāḥ sarvasya pūrvasya prāptuvanty uttarottaram | teṣāṁ yāvad yathā yac ca tat tat tāvad aguṇaṁ smṛtam ||

வியாசர் கூறினார்—பூதங்கள் ஒவ்வொன்றாக வெளிப்படும் போது, பின்வரும் பூதம் முன்வந்த பூதத்தின் எல்லாக் குணங்களையும் ஏற்றுக்கொள்கிறது. மேலும் அவற்றில் எந்தப் பூதம் எந்த முறையில் எத்தனை காலம் நிலைத்திருக்கிறதோ, அதன் குணங்களும் அதே அளவிற்கே நிலைக்கும் என்று அறியப்படுகின்றது; அதற்கு அப்பால் அது குணமற்றதாகவே கருதப்படுகிறது.

गुणाःqualities
गुणाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootगुण
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
सर्वस्यof all
सर्वस्य:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootसर्व
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular
पूर्वस्यof the prior (earlier one)
पूर्वस्य:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootपूर्व
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular
प्राप्तुवन्तिobtain, acquire
प्राप्तुवन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootप्र + आप्
FormPresent, Third, Plural, Parasmaipada
उत्तर-उत्तरम्successively, one after another
उत्तर-उत्तरम्:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootउत्तर
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular, adverbial (reduplicated): progressively, successively
तेषाम्of them
तेषाम्:
Adhikarana
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Plural
यावत्as long as; to the extent that
यावत्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयावत्
यथाas, in whatever manner
यथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथा
यत्whatever (that which)
यत्:
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
तत्-तत्that respective (one)
तत्-तत्:
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular, reduplicated: that very (respective) one
तावत्so long; to that extent
तावत्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतावत्
अगुणम्without (that) quality; quality-less
अगुणम्:
Karma
TypeNoun/Adjective
Rootअगुण
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
स्मृतम्is said/considered/remembered
स्मृतम्:
TypeVerb
Rootस्मृ
Formkta (past passive participle), Neuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular, Passive (participial)

व्यास उवाच

V
Vyāsa
G
guṇa (qualities)
B
bhūta (elements) (implied by context)

Educational Q&A

The verse teaches a graded, successive model of cosmology: later-produced elements inherit the qualities of earlier ones, and a quality is considered present only so long as the corresponding element persists in a given mode and duration; outside that scope it is treated as absent.

In the didactic discourse of the Śānti Parva, Vyāsa explains a philosophical account of how elemental qualities arise and persist, using the principle of successive inheritance (uttarottaram) and conditional presence (yāvat-tāvat).