Previous Verse
Next Verse

Shloka 11

Daṇḍa as the Foundation of Social Order (दण्डप्रतिष्ठा)

यत्र श्यामो लोहिताक्षो दण्डश्चरति सूद्यत: । प्रजास्तत्र न मुहान्ते नेता चेत्‌ साधु पश्यति

yatra śyāmo lohitākṣo daṇḍaś carati sūdyataḥ | prajāstatra na muhyante netā cet sādhu paśyati ||

எங்கு தண்டம்—கருமையும் செங்கண்களும் உடையது—எப்போதும் தண்டிக்கத் தயாராய் உலாவுகின்றதோ, எங்கு அரசன் குற்றங்களை விழிப்புடன், விவேகத்துடன் கண்காணிக்கிறானோ, அங்கு மக்கள் மயக்கமடையார், அலட்சியமும் செய்யார்; நீதியான மேற்பார்வையும் ஒழுக்கத்தின் உறுதியான இருப்பும் ஒழுங்கை நிலைநிறுத்தும்।

यत्रwhere
यत्र:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयत्र
Formindeclinable (locative adverb)
श्यामःblack/dark
श्यामः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootश्याम
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
लोहिताक्षःred-eyed (one whose eyes are red)
लोहिताक्षः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootलोहिताक्ष
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
दण्डःpunishment; the rod (of chastisement)
दण्डः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदण्ड
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
चरतिmoves about; operates; is applied
चरति:
TypeVerb
Rootचर्
Formpresent tense (lat), 3rd person, singular, parasmaipada
सूद्यतःready/intent (to punish); prepared
सूद्यतः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसूद्यत्
Formmasculine, nominative, singular (present participle, passive/ātmanepada sense: 'being ready/intent')
प्रजाःsubjects; people
प्रजाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootप्रजा
Formfeminine, nominative, plural
तत्रthere
तत्र:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतत्र
Formindeclinable (locative adverb)
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
Formindeclinable (negation)
मुह्यन्तेbecome deluded; go astray; are negligent
मुह्यन्ते:
TypeVerb
Rootमुह्
Formpresent tense (lat), 3rd person, plural, ātmanepada
नेताleader; ruler
नेता:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootनेतृ
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
चेत्if
चेत्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootचेत्
Formindeclinable (conditional particle)
साधुwell; properly
साधु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसाधु
Formindeclinable (adverb)
पश्यतिsees; observes; keeps watch
पश्यति:
TypeVerb
Rootपश्
Formpresent tense (lat), 3rd person, singular, parasmaipada

अजुन उवाच

D
daṇḍa (punishment/rod of governance)
N
netā (ruler/leader)
P
prajā (subjects/people)

Educational Q&A

Effective and ethical governance requires the credible presence of punishment (daṇḍa) and the ruler’s careful oversight; when discipline is ready and judgement is vigilant, society avoids moral and civic negligence.

The speaker describes the conditions of a well-governed realm: punishment is actively operative and the ruler attentively observes wrongdoing; as a result, the people do not lapse into disorder or heedlessness.