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Shloka 30

Śaraṇāgatapālana—Prastāvanā

Protection of the Refuge-Seeker: Opening of the Kapota Narrative

दण्डेनोपनतं शत्रुं यो राजा न नियच्छति । स मृत्युमुपगह्नाति गर्भमश्वतरी यथा

daṇḍenopanataṃ śatruṃ yo rājā na niyacchati | sa mṛtyum upagahṇāti garbham aśvatarī yathā ||

பீஷ்மர் கூறினார்— தண்டத்தால் தாழ்த்தப்பட்டு தலைவணங்கிய பகைவனைப் பெற்றும் அவனை அடக்கி முடிக்காத அரசன், தன் மரணத்தையே அணைத்துக் கொள்கிறான்; கருவுற்ற கழுதைப்பெண் (கச்சரி) இறப்பையே அடைவதுபோல் அது அவனுக்கே அழிவாகிறது।

दण्डेनby punishment/rod
दण्डेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootदण्ड
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
उपनतम्subdued/bowed down
उपनतम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootउप-नम् (धातु: नम्)
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular, क्त (past passive participle)
शत्रुम्enemy
शत्रुम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootशत्रु
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
यःwho
यः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
राजाking
राजा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
नियच्छतिrestrains/controls (i.e., punishes, checks)
नियच्छति:
TypeVerb
Rootनि-यम् (धातु: यम्)
FormPresent, Indicative, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
सःhe
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
मृत्युम्death
मृत्युम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootमृत्यु
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
उपगह्नातिembraces/accepts (invites)
उपगह्नाति:
TypeVerb
Rootउप-गह् (धातु: गह्/गाह्)
FormPresent, Indicative, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
गर्भम्womb/pregnancy
गर्भम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootगर्भ
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
अश्वतरीshe-mule (female hybrid)
अश्वतरी:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअश्वतरी
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
यथाjust as
यथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथा

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
R
rājā (king)
Ś
śatru (enemy)
D
daṇḍa (royal punishment/rod)
A
aśvatarī (mule)

Educational Q&A

In rājadharma, once an enemy has been subdued by daṇḍa, a king must act decisively; sparing or failing to neutralize such a foe out of hesitation invites future danger and can become the cause of the king’s own ruin.

Bhīṣma, instructing on royal duty in the Śānti Parva, uses a stark simile: a king who does not restrain/finish a humbled enemy is like a mule whose pregnancy leads to death—an image meant to warn against indecisive governance in matters of security.