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Shloka 23

गदायुद्धप्रतिज्ञा — The Vow and Terms of the Mace Duel

स कथं कौरवे वंशे प्रशंसन्‌ जन्म चात्मन: । युद्धाद्‌ भीतस्ततस्तोयं प्रविश्य प्रतितिष्ठसि

sa kathaṃ kaurave vaṃśe praśaṃsan janma cātmanaḥ | yuddhād bhītastatastoyaṃ praviśya pratitiṣṭhasi ||

கௌரவ வம்சத்தில் பிறந்ததைக் கூறி நீ உன் பிறப்பை பெருமைப்படுத்தினாய்; அப்படியிருக்க இன்று போருக்கு அஞ்சி நீரில் புகுந்து அங்கே எவ்வாறு மறைந்து தங்கியிருக்கிறாய்?

सःhe/you (that person)
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
कथम्how
कथम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootकथम्
कौरवेin the Kaurava (lineage)
कौरवे:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootकौरव
FormMasculine/Neuter, Locative, Singular
वंशेin the lineage
वंशे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootवंश
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
प्रशंसन्praising
प्रशंसन्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootप्र-शंस्
Formशतृ (present active participle), Masculine, Nominative, Singular
जन्मbirth
जन्म:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootजन्मन्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
आत्मनःof yourself
आत्मनः:
Sambandha
TypeNoun
Rootआत्मन्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
युद्धात्from battle
युद्धात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootयुद्ध
FormNeuter, Ablative, Singular
भीतःafraid
भीतः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootभी
Formक्त (past passive participle used adjectivally), Masculine, Nominative, Singular
ततःthen/thereupon
ततः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootततः
तोयम्water
तोयम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootतोय
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
प्रविश्यhaving entered
प्रविश्य:
TypeVerb
Rootप्र-विश्
Formक्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), Active
प्रतितिष्ठसिyou stand/remain (settle yourself)
प्रतितिष्ठसि:
TypeVerb
Rootप्रति-स्था
FormLat (Present), Parasmaipada, Second, Singular

संजय उवाच

S
Sanjaya
K
Kaurava lineage (Kuru dynasty)
W
water (toya)
B
battle/war (yuddha)

Educational Q&A

The verse critiques empty pride in noble birth when it is not matched by courage and duty in crisis; lineage is shown as ethically meaningful only when upheld through conduct, especially in the face of fear.

Sanjaya reports a taunting rebuke directed at a Kaurava who had earlier gloried in his Kuru birth but, terrified by the fighting, has entered the water to hide and is staying there instead of facing battle.