Shloka 19

गदायुद्धप्रतिज्ञा — The Vow and Terms of the Mace Duel

Devanagari script

जलाशगयं प्रविष्टोडद्य वाउ्छड्जीवितमात्मन: । उत्तिष्ठ राजन्‌ युध्यस्व सहास्माभि: सुयोधन

Transliteration

jalāśayaṃ praviṣṭo ’dya vāñchad jīvitam ātmanaḥ | uttiṣṭha rājan yudhyasva sahāsmābhiḥ suyodhana ||

Translation

இன்று நீ உன் உயிரைக் காக்க விரும்பி ஏரிக்குள் புகுந்திருக்கிறாய். ஓ அரசன் சுயோதன! எழுந்து, எங்களுடன் போரிடு.

Word by Word

• {'jalāśayam': 'a lake, reservoir, body of water', 'praviṣṭaḥ': 'entered, gone into', 'adya': 'today, now', 'vāñchan': 'desiring, wishing for', 'jīvitam': 'life, survival', 'ātmanaḥ': 'of oneself, one’s own', 'uttiṣṭha': 'rise up, stand up (imperative)', 'rājan': 'O king (vocative)', 'yudhyasva': 'fight! engage in battle (imperative, middle voice)', 'saha': 'together with', 'asmābhiḥ': 'with us', 'suyodhana': 'Suyodhana (Duryodhana), epithet meaning ‘one who fights well’'}

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sanjaya
• Suyodhana (Duryodhana)
• jalāśaya (lake)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse frames a moral challenge to a kṣatriya: after causing vast destruction, seeking personal survival by hiding is portrayed as dishonorable; one must face the consequences and uphold the warrior’s duty to stand and fight.

What is happening in the narrative?

After the catastrophic losses of the war, Duryodhana (Suyodhana) has taken refuge in a lake to save himself. Sanjaya addresses him, questioning his retreat and urging him to rise and rejoin battle with his remaining supporters.