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Shloka 55

Droṇa–Arjuna Yuddha; Trigarta-Āvaraṇa; Bhīmasena Gajānīka-bheda

Droṇa and Arjuna Engage; Trigarta Containment; Bhīma Breaks the Elephant Corps

रथसंघांस्तथा नागान्‌ हयांश्न हयसादिभि: । पादातांश्व सुसंक़ुद्ध/ शशशो5थ सहस्रश:

rathasaṅghāṁs tathā nāgān hayāṁś ca hayasādibhiḥ | pādātāṁś ca susaṅkruddhāḥ śaśaśo 'tha sahasraśaḥ ||

ரதக் கூட்டங்களும், யானைகளும், குதிரைகளும்—குதிரை வீரர்கள் முதலியவர்களுடன்—மேலும் எண்ணற்ற ஆயிரக்கணக்கான காலாட்படையும்; அனைவரும் கடும் கோபத்துடன் பெருக்கெடுத்து முன்னே பாய்ந்தனர்।

रथसंघान्masses/groups of chariots
रथसंघान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootरथसंघ
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
तथाand also/likewise
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
नागान्elephants
नागान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootनाग
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
हयान्horses
हयान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootहय
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
हयसादिभिःby horsemen and the like
हयसादिभिः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootहयसादि
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
पादातान्foot-soldiers/infantry
पादातान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपादात
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
सुसंक्रुद्धःhighly enraged
सुसंक्रुद्धः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसुसंक्रुद्ध
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
शशशःin groups/cluster by cluster (reading uncertain)
शशशः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootशशश
अथthen/now
अथ:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअथ
सहस्रशःby thousands
सहस्रशः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसहस्रशस्

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
C
chariots
W
war-elephants
H
horses
H
horsemen (mounted troops)
I
infantry

Educational Q&A

The verse underscores the overwhelming momentum of war: when armies are seized by anger and collective fervor, violence multiplies rapidly. Implicitly, it cautions that unchecked krodha (wrath) and mass escalation can eclipse discernment and dharma, even in a context framed as kṣatriya conflict.

Sañjaya reports to Dhṛtarāṣṭra the battlefield scene: large formations of chariots, elephants, cavalry (with riders), and infantry are advancing in huge numbers, described as intensely enraged—conveying the scale and ferocity of the engagement.