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Shloka 4

Bhīmasena’s Kalinga Engagement and the Approach of Bhīṣma (भीमसेन-कालिङ्ग-संग्रामः)

रथानीकं नरव्याप्रा: केचिदभ्यपतन्‌ रथै: । अभज्यन्त युगैरेव युगानि भरतर्षभ

rathānīkaṃ naravyāprāḥ kecid abhyapatan rathaiḥ | abhajyanta yugair eva yugāni bharatarṣabha ||

சஞ்சயன் கூறினான்— சில வீரர்கள் போரில் மூழ்கி, தங்கள் தேர்களுடன் எதிரியின் தேரணியை நேராகத் தாக்கினர். பரதகுலச் சிறந்தவனே, பல தேர்களின் நுகங்கள் எதிர்தேர்களின் நுகங்களோடு மோதித் துண்டாயின.

रथानीकम्the chariot-division (chariot-army)
रथानीकम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootरथ + अनीक
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
नरव्याप्राःtigers among men (heroic men)
नरव्याप्राः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootनर + व्याघ्र
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
केचित्some
केचित्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootकिम् (प्रातिपदिक: केचिद्-)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
अभ्यपतन्rushed upon / attacked
अभ्यपतन्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootपत्
FormImperfect (Laṅ), 3rd, Plural
रथैःwith chariots
रथैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootरथ
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
अभज्यन्तwere broken
अभज्यन्त:
Karma
TypeVerb
Rootभञ्ज्
FormImperfect (Laṅ), Ātmanepada (passive sense), 3rd, Plural
युगैःby yokes
युगैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootयुग
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Plural
एवindeed / just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
युगानिyokes
युगानि:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootयुग
FormNeuter, Nominative, Plural
भरतर्षभO bull among the Bharatas
भरतर्षभ:
TypeNoun
Rootभरत + ऋषभ
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
D
Dhṛtarāṣṭra (implied by address: bharatarṣabha)
R
ratha (chariot)
R
rathānīka (chariot-formation)
Y
yuga (chariot-yoke)

Educational Q&A

The verse underscores the epic’s realism about war: courage and martial intent drive men forward, yet outcomes are also shaped by material force and collision—highlighting the grave cost and uncontrollable momentum of armed conflict.

Sañjaya describes a surge of warriors charging into the opposing chariot ranks; the fighting is so close that chariot-yokes collide and break, conveying the intensity and congestion of the battlefield.